GO:0019285

BP

glycine betaine biosynthetic process from choline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of betaine (N-trimethylglycine) from the oxidation of choline.

ALDH7A1

GO:0019287

BP

isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, via the intermediate mevalonate. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis, through a series of mevalonate intermediates.

MVD, MVK

GO:0019290

BP

siderophore biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.

BDH2

GO:0019303

BP

D-ribose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-ribose (ribo-pentose).

NUDT5

GO:0019310

BP

inositol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.

MIOX

GO:0019318

BP

hexose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.

HKDC1

GO:0019319

BP

hexose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.

CHST15

GO:0019322

BP

pentose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.

G6PD, PGD

GO:0019341

BP

dibenzo-p-dioxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds.

CYP1A1

GO:0019343

BP

cysteine biosynthetic process via cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, via the intermediate cystathionine.

CTH, CBS

GO:0019344

BP

cysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.

CTH, CBS

GO:0019346

BP

transsulfuration

The interconversion of homocysteine and cysteine via cystathionine. In contrast with enteric bacteria and mammals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two transsulfuration pathways employing two separate sets of enzymes.

MTHFD1, MPST, CTH, CBS

GO:0019367

BP

fatty acid elongation, saturated fatty acid

Elongation of a saturated fatty acid chain.

ELOVL7, ELOVL1, ELOVL4, ELOVL6, ELOVL5

GO:0019369

BP

arachidonic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.

CYP2D6, ALOX15, MAPK3, PLA2G4A, CYP1B1, DAGLB, MGLL, PNPLA8, PLA2G4C

GO:0019370

BP

leukotriene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.

ALOX5, PLA2G5, SYK, MGST2, GGT7

GO:0019371

BP

cyclooxygenase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which prostaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid, and in which prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase) catalyzes the committed step in the conversion of arachidonic acid to the prostaglandin-endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2.

PTGES, CBR1, PTGS1, PTGS2, PTGDS, AKR1C3, PTGES3, PTGIS

GO:0019372

BP

lipoxygenase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which an unsaturated fatty acid (such as arachidonic acid or linolenic acid) is converted to other compounds, and in which the first step is hydroperoxide formation catalyzed by lipoxygenase.

GPX1, ALOX5, HPGD, ALOX15, PTGS2, GPX4

GO:0019373

BP

epoxygenase P450 pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids.

CYP1A1, CYP2E1, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2B6, CYP1B1

GO:0019388

BP

galactose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose.

GALT, PGM1, GALE, PGM2

GO:0019391

BP

glucuronoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronosides, compound composed of a hydroxy compound linked to a glucuronate residue.

ABHD10

GO:0019395

BP

fatty acid oxidation

The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.

PPARG, ACOX1, ADIPOQ, MAPK14, ADIPOR2, CYGB, ADIPOR1, HAO2, PPARGC1A

GO:0019413

BP

acetate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.

ACSS2, ACSS1

GO:0019417

BP

sulfur oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting the addition of oxygen to elemental sulfur.

MICAL2, MICAL1

GO:0019427

BP

acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate, either directly or via acetylphosphate.

ACSS2, ACSS1

GO:0019430

BP

removal of superoxide radicals

Any process, acting at the cellular level, involved in removing superoxide radicals (O2-) from a cell or organism, e.g. by conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

CCS, SOD2, MPO, SOD3, NQO1, MT3, NOS3, PRDX2, PRDX1

GO:0019432

BP

triglyceride biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.

LPL, GK, LPIN1, GPAT3, LCLAT1, GPAT4, DGAT2, GPAM, AGPAT4, AGPAT3, PNPLA3

GO:0019433

BP

triglyceride catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.

FABP12, APOA1, APOE, APOC3, APOB, FABP3, LPL, FABP4, FABP6, FABP5, LIPE, APOA5, PNPLA5, PNPLA2, MGLL, PNPLA3

GO:0019439

BP

aromatic compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring.

EPHX1, PON1

GO:0019441

BP

tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including kynurenine.

KMO, KYNU

GO:0019442

BP

tryptophan catabolic process to acetyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA.

KYNU

GO:0019448

BP

L-cysteine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.

AGXT, CBS, CDO1

GO:0019451

BP

L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate, using cysteine dioxygenase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into pyruvate of L-cystine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine dioxygenase (EC:1.13.11.20).

CDO1

GO:0019464

BP

glycine decarboxylation via glycine cleavage system

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine by oxidative cleavage to carbon dioxide, ammonia, and a methylene group, mediated by enzymes of the glycine cleavage complex.

GCSH

GO:0019470

BP

4-hydroxyproline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline.

PRODH, GOT2

GO:0019471

BP

4-hydroxyproline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline. The presence of hydroxyproline is essential to produce stable triple helical tropocollagen, hence the problems caused by ascorbate deficiency in scurvy. This unusual amino acid is also present in considerable amounts in the major glycoprotein of primary plant cell walls.

PRDX4, ERO1B, ERO1A

GO:0019478

BP

D-amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.

DTD2

GO:0019482

BP

beta-alanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.

AASDH

GO:0019483

BP

beta-alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.

DPYD

GO:0019509

BP

L-methionine biosynthetic process from methylthioadenosine

The generation of L-methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid) from methylthioadenosine.

MTAP, ADI1

GO:0019510

BP

S-adenosylhomocysteine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine, forming homocysteine and then methionine.

AHCY

GO:0019511

BP

peptidyl-proline hydroxylation

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-proline to form peptidyl-hydroxyproline.

P4HA2, P3H2

GO:0019521

BP

D-gluconate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose.

PGD

GO:0019530

BP

taurine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.

PHGDH, GHR, STAT5A, STAT5B

GO:0019532

BP

oxalate transport

The directed movement of oxalate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oxalate, or ethanedioic acid, occurs in many plants and is highly toxic to animals.

SLC26A2, SLC26A11, SLC26A1

GO:0019538

BP

protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general. Includes protein modification.

BAG2, MMP16, NECAB3

GO:0019542

BP

propionate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of propionate, the anion derived from propionic acid.

ACSS2, ACSS1

GO:0019550

BP

glutamate catabolic process to aspartate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including aspartate.

GOT2

GO:0019551

BP

glutamate catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.

GOT2

GO:0019563

BP

glycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.

GK, GPD2, TPI1, GK5

GO:0019626

BP

short-chain fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6.

PCCA, MMAA, MCEE

GO:0019627

BP

urea metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2.

CYP2C9

GO:0019640

BP

glucuronate catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronate into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate.

SORD, DCXR, CRYL1

GO:0019673

BP

GDP-mannose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.

GMDS, GUK1

GO:0019674

BP

NAD metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.

KMO, LDHA, LDHB, QPRT, NADK2, NADSYN1, NMNAT3

GO:0019695

BP

choline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

CHKA, DMGDH

GO:0019722

BP

calcium-mediated signaling

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions.

TNFSF11, EDN1, CXCL8, CCL3, SELE, PLCG2, EDN2, AGTR1, HTR2B, CXCR4, NCALD, MCTP1, TPCN2, RYR2, SPHK1

GO:0019724

BP

B cell mediated immunity

Any process involved with the carrying out of an immune response by a B cell, through, for instance, the production of antibodies or cytokines, or antigen presentation to T cells.

FAS, MSH2

GO:0019725

BP

cellular homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell.

CCL2, MCL1, TNS2

GO:0019730

BP

antimicrobial humoral response

An immune response against microbes mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are seen in the antimicrobial humoral response of Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus.

DEFA4, BCL3

GO:0019731

BP

antibacterial humoral response

An immune response against bacteria mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are the antibacterial humoral responses in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.

HIST1H2BK, ANG, SLPI, APP, DEFA4, HLA-E, ADM, B2M, HIST1H2BC, HIST2H2BE

GO:0019732

BP

antifungal humoral response

An immune response against a fungus mediated through a body fluid. An example of this process is the antifungal humoral response in Drosophila melanogaster.

ANG, APP

GO:0019740

BP

nitrogen utilization

A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary nitrogen source, usually ammonia, and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary nitrogen source and to transport and metabolize alternative nitrogen sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects nitrogen levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize nitrogen-containing substances, and ends when nitrogen is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.

RHBG

GO:0019747

BP

regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoids.

NPC2

GO:0019752

BP

carboxylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).

MIF, CSAD

GO:0019800

BP

peptide cross-linking via chondroitin 4-sulfate glycosaminoglycan

The formation of a cross-link between peptide chains mediated by a chondroitin 4-sulfate glycosaminoglycan that originates from a typical O-glycosidic link to serine of one chain; the other chain is esterified, via the alpha-carbon of its C-terminal Asp, to C-6 of an internal N-acetylgalactosamine of the glycosaminoglycan chain.

DCN, BGN, NDNF, SPOCK2, SPOCK3

GO:0019805

BP

quinolinate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.

KMO, KYNU

GO:0019827

BP

stem cell population maintenance

The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of stem cells of a single type. This can be achieved by a number of mechanisms: stem cell asymmetric division maintains stem cell numbers; stem cell symmetric division increases them; maintenance of a stem cell niche maintains the conditions for commitment to the stem cell fate for some types of stem cell; stem cells may arise de novo from other cell types.

KLF4, MED7, MED14, FZD7, EIF4E, KIT, LIF, CTNNB1, BMPR1A, NOTCH2, MED21, SMC1A, RIF1, NIPBL, NKAP, SETD6, RTF1, MED12, MED30, TRIM8, LIN28A, METTL14, EIF4ENIF1, MED17, ZNF358, PADI4, SMC3, MTF2

GO:0019835

BP

cytolysis

The rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.

C8G, C7, C6, LYZ, MMD, MICB, MICA

GO:0019836

BP

hemolysis by symbiont of host erythrocytes

The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in the host organism by a symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.

ALB

GO:0019852

BP

L-ascorbic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.

CYB5A, CYB5R3, SLC2A1, SLC2A3, GCLC, GSTO1, GSTO2, SLC23A2

GO:0019853

BP

L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.

RGN

GO:0019858

BP

cytosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.

MAPK1

GO:0019859

BP

thymine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base.

ALDH6A1

GO:0019860

BP

uracil metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.

TYMS

GO:0019878

BP

lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine by the aminoadipic pathway.

AASDHPPT

GO:0019882

BP

antigen processing and presentation

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.

HLA-B, CTSL, CTSH, HLA-G, RAB3B, AZGP1, CTSS, HLA-A, RAB27A, RAB5B, RELB, RAB32, RAB33A, MICB, MICA, RAB8B, MR1, RAB34, ULBP3, ULBP2, CD209

GO:0019883

BP

antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.

CD74

GO:0019885

BP

antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.

B2M, ERAP2, ERAP1

GO:0019886

BP

antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.

DCTN6, DYNC1I1, DYNC1LI2, SEC24D, AP2A2, SEC31A, KIF4A, HLA-DRA, HLA-DQA2, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, CD74, CTSD, CTSL, CLTA, HLA-DRB4, HLA-DOB, HLA-DPA1, CTSS, CANX, HLA-DMB, ACTR1B, RAB7A, KIF11, AP2S1, SEC13, AP1S2, AP1S1, AP2B1, DYNLL1, HLA-DRB3, ARF1, CENPE, KIF23, AP1B1, DYNC1I2, DCTN2, DCTN1, DYNC1H1, KIF22, SEC23A, HLA-DRB5, KIF18A, DYNC2LI1, KIFAP3, AP2M1, KIF2C, SH3GL2, DCTN5, OSBPL1A, RACGAP1, KIF15, CTSF, KIF3A, SAR1B

GO:0019896

BP

axonal transport of mitochondrion

The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in nerve cell axons.

OPA1, UCHL1, HIF1A, MGARP, SPAST

GO:0019915

BP

lipid storage

The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.

APOA1, CD36, GM2A, NRIP1, STAT5B, PLIN5, CAV1, CRY1, ABHD4, PNPLA2, DGAT2, PLIN2

GO:0019919

BP

peptidyl-arginine methylation, to asymmetrical-dimethyl arginine

The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine.

PRMT3, CARM1, PRMT6, PRMT1

GO:0019932

BP

second-messenger-mediated signaling

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via a second messenger; a small molecule or ion that can be quickly generated or released from intracellular stores, and can diffuse within the cell. Second-messenger signaling includes production or release of the second messenger, and effectors downstream of the second messenger that further transmit the signal within the cell.

PPP2R1A

GO:0019933

BP

cAMP-mediated signaling

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic AMP (cAMP). Includes production of cAMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.

NDUFS4, ADCY3, ADCY9, GHRH, NPR3, GAL, ADM, ADCYAP1R1, SOX9, ADCY7, EPHA5, PDE4D, AKAP6, MAPK7, EIF4EBP2, PDE3A, GPR126, RAPGEF4, RIMS2, PCLO

GO:0019934

BP

cGMP-mediated signaling

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic GMP (cGMP). Includes production of cGMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.

PDE9A, APOE, CD36, PDE3A

GO:0019941

BP

modification-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent modification of the target protein.

ISG15, UBA1, UBA7

GO:0019953

BP

sexual reproduction

A reproduction process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms. It occurs both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: in multicellular eukaryotic organisms, an individual is created anew; in prokaryotes, the initial cell has additional or transformed genetic material. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) originating from two different individuals (parents) join up so that homologous sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by exchange of genetic information. After the new recombinant chromosome is formed, it is passed on to progeny.

STAT3, LEP, LEPR, SEPP1

GO:0019985

BP

translesion synthesis

The replication of damaged DNA by synthesis across a lesion in the template strand; a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex inserts a defined nucleotide across from the lesion which allows DNA synthesis to continue beyond the lesion. This process can be mutagenic depending on the damaged nucleotide and the inserted nucleotide.

ISG15, UBC, PCNA, POLD1, RPA3, RFC4, RFC2, RFC5, RFC3, UBA7, VCP, RPS27A, UBA52, TRIM25, KIAA0101, POLD3, FAAP20, PRIMPOL, POLD4, DTL, POLK, POLI, POLH

GO:0021501

BP

prechordal plate formation

The formation of the prechordal plate. The prechordal plate is a thickening of the endoderm at the cranial end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells. The prechordal plate and the notochord induce the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells.

SSBP3

GO:0021502

BP

neural fold elevation formation

The process in which the lateral borders of the neural plate begin to migrate upwards to form the neural folds, caused by the proliferation of the underlying mesoderm.

HIF1A

GO:0021508

BP

floor plate formation

The formation of a ventral region of glial cells in the neural tube that provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types. The floor plate is evident at the ventral midline by the neural fold stage.

GLI2

GO:0021510

BP

spinal cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues.

SOX12, PHGDH, ZPR1, ACTL6A, ERCC2, SRD5A1, MPST, AKT1, PKD1, SOX4, PKD2, ZIC1, DPYSL2, MED12, ROBO2, PTBP2

GO:0021512

BP

spinal cord anterior/posterior patterning

The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.

GDF11

GO:0021513

BP

spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning

The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random dorsal-ventral spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.

GLI2, INTU

GO:0021514

BP

ventral spinal cord interneuron differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of ventral spinal cord interneurons. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.

LMO4

GO:0021515

BP

cell differentiation in spinal cord

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.

NOTCH1

GO:0021516

BP

dorsal spinal cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input.

PROX1

GO:0021517

BP

ventral spinal cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output.

DAB1, GLI2, VLDLR

GO:0021520

BP

spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.

HOXD10

GO:0021522

BP

spinal cord motor neuron differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of motor neurons. Motor neurons innervate an effector (muscle or glandular) tissue and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.

LMO4, SOX4, PTCH1, GIGYF2