GO:0017187

BP

peptidyl-glutamic acid carboxylation

The gamma-carboxylation of peptidyl-glutamic acid; catalyzed by the vitamin K dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase.

F2, BGLAP, GGCX, VKORC1

GO:0017196

BP

N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-methionine.

NAA30, NAA25, NAA15, NAA60

GO:0018008

BP

N-terminal peptidyl-glycine N-myristoylation

The myristoylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-myristoyl-glycine.

NMT2

GO:0018022

BP

peptidyl-lysine methylation

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form either the mono-, di- or trimethylated derivative.

METTL10, ETFBKMT, N6AMT2, METTL21A

GO:0018023

BP

peptidyl-lysine trimethylation

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine.

ETFBKMT

GO:0018026

BP

peptidyl-lysine monomethylation

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-methyl-L-lysine.

SETD6, SETD7, KMT5A

GO:0018027

BP

peptidyl-lysine dimethylation

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine.

SETD7, EHMT2

GO:0018032

BP

protein amidation

Addition of an amide group from a glycine to a protein amino acid.

PAM

GO:0018076

BP

N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins.

EP300, CREBBP, KAT2B

GO:0018095

BP

protein polyglutamylation

The addition of one or more alpha-linked glutamyl units to the gamma carboxyl group of peptidyl-glutamic acid.

TTLL1

GO:0018101

BP

protein citrullination

The hydrolysis of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-citrulline.

PADI4

GO:0018105

BP

peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.

CDC7, MAST4, DCLK1, MAPK13, ULK1, TNKS, PDGFB, PRKCB, CDK1, BCL2, TDGF1, PRKCA, PRKACA, CDK2, MAPK3, MAPK1, AKT1, AKT2, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, PRKCI, SYK, MAPK8, CSNK1A1, CSNK1D, MAPKAPK2, CSNK1E, GSK3B, PRKX, PLK1, PRKDC, PKD1, CDK5, PRKCQ, PRKCD, DMPK, STK4, MAPK7, PAK2, ILK, CAMK2D, MORC3, GAS6, PRKD1, STK38, RPS6KA2, PKN1, PKN2, MAPK14, MAST2, RICTOR, STK32C, UHMK1, SGK3, MASTL, SMG1, MKNK1, PINK1, PRKD2, HIPK2, MKNK2, NEK6, CSNK1G1, LATS2, PLK2, TBK1, AKT3, STK38L, CAB39, CSNK1G3

GO:0018106

BP

peptidyl-histidine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-phosphohistidine, tele-phosphohistidine) or peptidyl-3'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-phosphohistidine, pros-phosphohistidine).

NME2

GO:0018107

BP

peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.

CHEK1, TNKS, CDK1, BCL2, PRKACA, CAD, MAPK1, AKT1, ACVR1B, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, MAPK8, GSK3B, CDK5, ACVR1, PRKCD, CAMK2D, OSR1, HIPK2, WNK1, NLK

GO:0018108

BP

peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine.

MAP2K7, EREG, MUSK, RIPK2, JAK2, FGF18, ERLIN2, EGFR, PDGFB, ERBB2, NTRK1, INSR, FYN, CSF1R, HSP90AA1, LYN, MET, FGF2, PDGFRB, FGR, KIT, BCR, FGFR1, PDGFRA, FGF7, FGFR2, ERBB3, EPHA3, EPHB2, LTK, WEE1, FGF9, TTK, BTC, TIE1, FLT4, MAP2K2, STAT5A, ABL2, IL12RB1, CLK2, STAT5B, JAK3, MAP2K6, EPHA5, EPHB4, EPHB1, EPHA4, IL5RA, ROR1, NRG1, MAP2K1, TEK, PTK2, PRKCD, TYRO3, EFEMP1, MERTK, MAP2K5, CUX1, MELK, ERBB4, TESK1, CDC37, NTRK2, DSTYK, SGK223, ABI1, TTN, DYRK2, SCYL1, NEK1, HBEGF, CLK4, FGFR1OP2, ABI2, ZMYM2, EPHA6, BAZ1B

GO:0018117

BP

protein adenylylation

The addition of an adenylyl group (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP) to a protein amino acid.

FICD

GO:0018119

BP

peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation

The covalent addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to the sulphur (S) atom of a cysteine residue in a protein, to form peptidyl-S-nitrosyl-L-cysteine.

S100A8

GO:0018125

BP

peptidyl-cysteine methylation

The methylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine.

RAB3B

GO:0018126

BP

protein hydroxylation

The addition of a hydroxy group to a protein amino acid.

EGLN3

GO:0018146

BP

keratan sulfate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.

B4GALT5, B4GAT1, B4GALT4, B4GALT1, OGN, LUM, FMOD, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL3, ST3GAL4, ST3GAL2, SLC35D2, B3GNT7, OMD, CHST5, CHST6, B3GNT2, B4GALT6, ST3GAL6, CHST2

GO:0018149

BP

peptide cross-linking

The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within protein chains.

F13A1, CSTA, COL3A1, FN1, ANXA1, THBS1, DSP, SPRR2B, TGM4, SPRR2G, SPRR3

GO:0018153

BP

isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine

The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-glutamine to produce N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine.

TGM2

GO:0018158

BP

protein oxidation

The modification of a protein amino acid by oxidation.

APOA1, APOA2, GPX1

GO:0018193

BP

peptidyl-amino acid modification

The alteration of an amino acid residue in a peptide.

ASPH, ASPHD1, ASPHD2, MINA

GO:0018205

BP

peptidyl-lysine modification

The modification of peptidyl-lysine.

MDM2

GO:0018206

BP

peptidyl-methionine modification

The modification of peptidyl-methionine.

APOA1, APOA2, METAP2

GO:0018216

BP

peptidyl-arginine methylation

The addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue in a protein.

PRMT1

GO:0018230

BP

peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a sulfur (S) atom within a cysteine residue to form peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine.

ZDHHC7, ZDHHC9

GO:0018242

BP

protein O-linked glycosylation via serine

The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-serine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-serine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, galactosyl, and xylosyl serine.

GALNT2, GALNT1

GO:0018243

BP

protein O-linked glycosylation via threonine

The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-threonine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-threonine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, and galactosyl threonine.

GALNT2, GALNT1

GO:0018272

BP

protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage via peptidyl-N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine.

CTH

GO:0018277

BP

protein deamination

The removal of an amino group from a protein amino acid.

LOXL1, LOXL2

GO:0018279

BP

protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine

The glycosylation of protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine forming N4-glycosyl-L-asparagine; the most common form is N-acetylglucosaminyl asparagine; N-acetylgalactosaminyl asparagine and N4 glucosyl asparagine also occur. This modification typically occurs in extracellular peptides with an N-X-(ST) motif. Partial modification has been observed to occur with cysteine, rather than serine or threonine, in the third position; secondary structure features are important, and proline in the second or fourth positions inhibits modification.

ST6GAL1, DDOST, STT3A, VCP, DAD1, MGAT2, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL3, ST3GAL4, ST3GAL2, SYVN1, MCFD2, STT3B, ST6GAL2, ST6GALNAC5, FUT8, ST6GALNAC4, OSTC, UGGT1, DPM3, ST6GALNAC2, ST3GAL6

GO:0018283

BP

iron incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of iron into a metallo-sulfur cluster.

FXN

GO:0018298

BP

protein-chromophore linkage

The covalent or noncovalent attachment of a chromophore to a protein.

AMBP, OPN1SW, CRY1, OPN3

GO:0018315

BP

molybdenum incorporation into molybdenum-molybdopterin complex

The incorporation of molybdenum into a molybdenum-molybdopterin complex.

GPHN

GO:0018344

BP

protein geranylgeranylation

The covalent attachment of a geranylgeranyl group to a protein.

CHM, CHML, PGGT1B, RABGGTB

GO:0018345

BP

protein palmitoylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a protein.

ZDHHC20, ZDHHC17, ZDHHC14, ZDHHC6, ZDHHC7, ZDHHC2, ZDHHC9

GO:0018393

BP

internal peptidyl-lysine acetylation

The addition of an acetyl group to a non-terminal lysine residue in a protein.

EP300, KAT2B

GO:0018394

BP

peptidyl-lysine acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-lysine.

BLOC1S1, KAT2B

GO:0018395

BP

peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation to 5-hydroxy-L-lysine

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine.

JMJD6

GO:0018400

BP

peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 3-hydroxy-L-proline

The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 3-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase.

CRTAP

GO:0018401

BP

peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-proline

The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 4-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline,2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase.

P4HB, P4HA1, EGLN3

GO:0018406

BP

protein C-linked glycosylation via 2'-alpha-mannosyl-L-tryptophan

The glycosylation of a peptidyl-tryptophan residue by the transfer of alpha-mannopyranose from dolichyl-activated mannose to the indole ring.

DPY19L2, DPY19L3, DPY19L4, DPM3

GO:0018872

BP

arsonoacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom. Arsonoacetate and other arsenic containing compounds are used in agricultural applications as animal feed additives, cotton defoliants and post-emergence grass herbicides.

AS3MT

GO:0018879

BP

biphenyl metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving biphenyl, a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a heat transfer agent, as a fungistat in packaging citrus fruits and in plant disease control. Biphenyl can be chlorinated with 1-10 chlorine molecules to form polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

SRD5A2, STAR

GO:0018885

BP

carbon tetrachloride metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations. It is also used as grain fumigant and a chemical intermediate in the production of refrigerants.

CYP2E1

GO:0018894

BP

dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds. Dibenzo-p-dioxins are generated as by-products in the manufacturing of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, paper pulp bleaching, and in incineration, and can accumulate in milk and throughout the food chain, creating significant health concern.

SRD5A2, STAR

GO:0018910

BP

benzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation.

CYP2E1

GO:0018916

BP

nitrobenzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrobenzene (nitrobenzol), a derivative of benzene with an NO2 group attached to the ring. It is a yellow aromatic liquid used in perfumery and manufactured in large quantities in the preparation of aniline.

GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTM2, GSTM4

GO:0018931

BP

naphthalene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphthalene, a fused ring bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon commonly found in crude oil and oil products. Naphthalene is familiar as the compound that gives mothballs their odor; it is used in the manufacture of plastics, dyes, solvents, and other chemicals, as well as being used as an antiseptic and insecticide.

AKR1B1

GO:0018958

BP

phenol-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring.

STAR

GO:0018963

BP

phthalate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid. Phthalic acid diesters are used industrially in the production of a variety of household and consumer goods including plastic polymers, lubricating oils, and carriers for perfumes in cosmetics, while phthalic acid itself is used industrially as a plasticizer. Terephthalate is used in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate (polyethene terephthlate, abbreviated PET or PETE), a plastic polymer with many commercial uses.

TH, SRD5A2, STAR

GO:0019046

BP

release from viral latency

The process by which a virus switches from latency and begins to replicate. It may be effected by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including B-cell lipopolysaccharides, glucocorticoid hormones, halogenated pyrimidines, ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, various chemicals and super-infecting viruses.

NUCKS1

GO:0019048

BP

modulation by virus of host morphology or physiology

The process in which a virus effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism.

VAPB, DAG1, HIPK2, CD209

GO:0019049

BP

evasion or tolerance of host defenses by virus

Any process, either active or passive, by which a virus avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense(s). Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the virus or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.

TGFB1, SMAD3

GO:0019050

BP

suppression by virus of host apoptotic process

Any viral process that inhibits apoptosis of infected host cells, facilitating prolonged cell survival during viral replication.

BAD

GO:0019054

BP

modulation by virus of host process

The process in which a virus effects a change in the processes and activities of its host organism.

KPNA3, KPNA4, KPNA5, KPNA2, KPNA1, KPNB1

GO:0019058

BP

viral life cycle

A set of processes which all viruses follow to ensure survival; includes attachment and entry of the virus particle, decoding of genome information, translation of viral mRNA by host ribosomes, genome replication, and assembly and release of viral particles containing the genome.

VPS37C, CHMP2A, VPS4B, FURIN, UBC, PPIA, RPS27A, UBA52, VPS37A, PDCD6IP, PCSK5, NEDD4L, CHMP4B, VTA1

GO:0019060

BP

intracellular transport of viral protein in host cell

The directed movement of a viral protein within the host cell.

DYNLT1

GO:0019061

BP

uncoating of virus

The process by which an incoming virus is disassembled in the host cell to release a replication-competent viral genome.

PPIA

GO:0019062

BP

virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion protein binds to molecules on the host cellular surface or host cell surface projection.

HSP90AB1, CD209

GO:0019064

BP

fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane

Fusion of a viral membrane with the host cell membrane during viral entry. Results in release of the virion contents into the cytoplasm.

CD4, CXCR4, PPIA, HYAL2, GAS6

GO:0019065

BP

receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell

Any receptor-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell; successive instances of virus endocytosis result in the accumulation of virus particles within the cell.

EPS15, CAV2, CAV1

GO:0019068

BP

virion assembly

A late phase of the viral life cycle during which all the components necessary for the formation of a mature virion collect at a particular site in the cell and the basic structure of the virus particle is formed.

APOE, UBC, RAB1A, PPIA, RPS27A, UBA52, USP6NL, RAB1B

GO:0019074

BP

viral RNA genome packaging

The packaging of viral RNA (single-stranded or double-stranded) into a nucleocapsid.

PC

GO:0019075

BP

virus maturation

The refolding and structural rearrangements of virion parts to transition from the intermediate virion to the more mature virion. Maturation usually involves proteolysis events and changes in the folding of the virion proteins. Can occur inside the host cell or after release.

MVB12A

GO:0019076

BP

viral release from host cell

The dissemination of mature viral particles from the host cell, e.g. by cell lysis or the budding of virus particles from the cell membrane.

VPS4B, RAB7A, IST1, PPIA, PPID

GO:0019079

BP

viral genome replication

Any process involved directly in viral genome replication, including viral nucleotide metabolism.

CCL2, DEK, VCP, CTBP2, GAS6, CD209

GO:0019081

BP

viral translation

A process by which viral mRNA is translated into viral protein, using the host cellular machinery.

EIF2AK4

GO:0019082

BP

viral protein processing

Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a viral protein.

FURIN

GO:0019083

BP

viral transcription

The process by which a viral genome, or part of a viral genome, is transcribed within the host cell.

NUPL2, NUP155, RPLP1, RPLP2, RPLP0, RPS17, RPSA, TPR, RPS2, RPL35A, RPL7, RPL17, RPS4Y1, RPL13, RPL10, RPL12, RPL22, RPL4, NUP62, RPL13A, RPS27, RPL35, RPL27A, RPL5, RPL21, RPL28, RPS9, RPS5, RPS10, RPL29, RPL34, NUP153, RANBP2, RPL14, NUP107, RPS20, RPS3A, RPL26, RPL15, RPL27, RPL37A, RPL37, RPS7, RPS8, RPS15A, RPS16, RPS14, RPS18, RPS13, RPS11, RPL7A, RPL23A, RPS6, RPS25, RPS26, RPL30, RPL31, RPL10A, RPL32, RPL11, RPL41, RPS27A, UBA52, RPL38, RPS21, RAE1, RPL24, RPL36A, RPL19, RPL18A, RPL18, NUP160, NUP93, NUP43, NUP37, NUP35, NUP210, NUP205, SEH1L, NUP88, NDC1, NUP58, NUP85, NUP50, RPL36

GO:0019085

BP

early viral transcription

The first phase of viral transcription that occurs after entry of the virus into the host cell, but prior to viral genome replication. It involves the transcription of genes for non-structural proteins, and for lytic viruses, the early gene products are involved in establishing control over the host cell.

CCNT2

GO:0019086

BP

late viral transcription

The transcription of the final group of viral genes of the viral life cycle, following middle transcription, or where middle transcription doesn't occur, following early transcription. Involves the transcription of genes encoding structural proteins.

CCNT2, USF2

GO:0019087

BP

transformation of host cell by virus

Any virus-induced change in the morphological, biochemical, or growth parameters of a cell.

INSR, HYAL2

GO:0019088

BP

immortalization of host cell by virus

A virus-induced cellular transformation arising in immortalized cells, or cells capable of indefinite replication, due to their ability to produce their own telomerase.

TYMS

GO:0019100

BP

male germ-line sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in a male organism's germ line.

SOX9, MAP3K4

GO:0019101

BP

female somatic sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a female organism's soma.

FOXL2

GO:0019102

BP

male somatic sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a male organism's soma.

AR

GO:0019216

BP

regulation of lipid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.

PLPP1, IRS4, EDF1, H2AFY, SERPINA3, PSAP, NR1D1, ID2, NR1D2, LSR, GOLM1, ADIPOR1, IRS2, DNAJC15

GO:0019217

BP

regulation of fatty acid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.

SREBF1, CAV1, PANK2

GO:0019218

BP

regulation of steroid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.

RORA, STAT5B

GO:0019221

BP

cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

SOCS2, SOCS3, SOCS6, TNFSF11, EREG, SOCS1, FLRT2, JAK2, SOCS5, KRAS, IFNA1 , IL1A, IL1B, PF4, IFNA16, IL6, CSF1R, DCN, IL6R, KIT, GHR, CCL2, EDN2, BGN, IL1R2, IL6ST, STAT3, IL12RB1, LIFR, RELA, IL10RB, PODN, RTN4RL1, LRRTM4, IFNE, ZNF675, ZC3H15, BAD, CSF3R, LRRC19, GREM2, DUOX2, DUOX1, IL17RB, IL37, FLRT3, FLRT1, CLCF1, IRAK3

GO:0019222

BP

regulation of metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.

NPBWR1

GO:0019226

BP

transmission of nerve impulse

The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission.

S1PR1, CACNG8, JAM3, SPTBN4

GO:0019227

BP

neuronal action potential propagation

The propagation of an action potential along an axon, away from the soma.

NRCAM

GO:0019228

BP

neuronal action potential

An action potential that occurs in a neuron.

KCNA1, ANK3, SCN9A, GPER1, P2RX4

GO:0019229

BP

regulation of vasoconstriction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels.

AGT, EDN1, ACE, ADRA2B, EDN2, AGTR1, HRH1, ECE1, ATP1A2, ASIC2

GO:0019230

BP

proprioception

The series of events by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, sensory nerve terminals found in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules, which give information concerning movements and position of the body. The receptors in the labyrinth are sometimes also considered proprioceptors.

FXN

GO:0019233

BP

sensory perception of pain

The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process.

PENK, EDN1, MME, UCHL1, IAPP, CNR1, NPY1R, MAPK3, MAPK1, PTGS2, OPRL1, NMU, CDK5, GRIN2A, SCN9A, P2RX4, NIPSNAP1

GO:0019240

BP

citrulline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.

CAD, ALDH18A1

GO:0019242

BP

methylglyoxal biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid.

GPI

GO:0019243

BP

methylglyoxal catabolic process to D-lactate via S-lactoyl-glutathione

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into D-lactate via the intermediate S-lactoyl-glutathione. Glutathione is used in the first step of the pathway and then regenerated in the second step.

HAGH, PNKD, PDDC1

GO:0019249

BP

lactate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate, the anion of lactic acid.

PDDC1

GO:0019254

BP

carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine, where metabolism is linked to CoA.

CRAT

GO:0019255

BP

glucose 1-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 1-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-1.

UGP2

GO:0019262

BP

N-acetylneuraminate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.

GNPDA1, NPL

GO:0019264

BP

glycine biosynthetic process from serine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine from other compounds, including serine.

SHMT1

GO:0019265

BP

glycine biosynthetic process, by transamination of glyoxylate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine by the transamination of glyoxylate.

AGXT

GO:0019276

BP

UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.

CSGALNACT1