BP

GO:0000165

MAPK cascade

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.

IDA

BP

GO:0001764

neuron migration

The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.

ISS

BP

GO:0007026

negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol.

ISS

BP

GO:0007165

signal transduction

The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.

TAS

BP

GO:0007267

cell-cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.

TAS

BP

GO:0007399

nervous system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.

TAS

BP

GO:0007612

learning

Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.

ISS

BP

GO:0007613

memory

The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).

ISS

BP

GO:0021766

hippocampus development

The progression of the hippocampus over time from its initial formation until its mature state.

ISS

BP

GO:0021795

cerebral cortex cell migration

The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the cerebral cortex.

ISS

BP

GO:0032147

activation of protein kinase activity

Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein kinase.

IEA

BP

GO:0045200

establishment of neuroblast polarity

The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.

ISS

BP

GO:0046785

microtubule polymerization

The addition of tubulin heterodimers to one or both ends of a microtubule.

ISS

BP

GO:0048671

negative regulation of collateral sprouting

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.

ISS

BP

GO:0072659

protein localization to plasma membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.

ISS

CC

GO:0005576

extracellular region

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

IEA

CC

GO:0005634

nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

IDA

CC

GO:0005730

nucleolus

A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.

IEA

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IDA|IPI

CC

GO:0005874

microtubule

Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle.

ISS

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

ISS

CC

GO:0014704

intercalated disc

A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells.

ISS

CC

GO:0030175

filopodium

Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft.

ISS

CC

GO:0030424

axon

The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.

ISS

CC

GO:0030425

dendrite

A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.

ISS

CC

GO:0030426

growth cone

The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.

ISS

CC

GO:0043005

neuron projection

A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.

ISS

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0008017

microtubule binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with microtubules, filaments composed of tubulin monomers.

ISS

MF

GO:0008083

growth factor activity

The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.

IEA

MF

GO:0017080

sodium channel regulator activity

Modulates the activity of a sodium channel.

IDA

MF

GO:0030295

protein kinase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.

IGI

MF

GO:0044325

ion channel binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.

ISS

MF

GO:0048487

beta-tubulin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the microtubule constituent protein beta-tubulin.

ISS