BP

GO:0000165

MAPK cascade

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.

TAS

BP

GO:0001934

positive regulation of protein phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.

ISS

BP

GO:0006351

transcription, DNA-templated

The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.

IEA

BP

GO:0006468

protein phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.

TAS

BP

GO:0007165

signal transduction

The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.

IDA

BP

GO:0007166

cell surface receptor signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a receptor on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor, or for receptors that signal in the absence of a ligand, by ligand-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IDA

BP

GO:0007167

enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway

Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the receptor possesses catalytic activity or is closely associated with an enzyme such as a protein kinase, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

TAS

BP

GO:0007169

transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IDA|TAS

BP

GO:0007422

peripheral nervous system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.

IEA

BP

GO:0007507

heart development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.

IEA

BP

GO:0007528

neuromuscular junction development

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction.

IEA

BP

GO:0008045

motor neuron axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

IEA

BP

GO:0008283

cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.

TAS

BP

GO:0014065

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling

A series of reactions within the signal-receiving cell, mediated by the intracellular phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Many cell surface receptor linked signaling pathways signal through PI3K to regulate numerous cellular functions.

IDA

BP

GO:0014066

regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.

TAS

BP

GO:0018108

peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine.

IEA

BP

GO:0030307

positive regulation of cell growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.

IMP

BP

GO:0032886

regulation of microtubule-based process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton.

IDA

BP

GO:0033088

negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.

IEA

BP

GO:0038128

ERBB2 signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a member of the ERBB family of receptors on the surface of a cell, where the signal is transmitted by ERBB2. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. ERBB2 receptors are themselves unable to bind to ligands, but act as a signal-amplifying tyrosine kinase within a heterodimeric pair.

TAS

BP

GO:0042060

wound healing

The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.

IDA

BP

GO:0042552

myelination

The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.

IEA

BP

GO:0043406

positive regulation of MAP kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.

IDA

BP

GO:0043547

positive regulation of GTPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.

ISS

BP

GO:0045727

positive regulation of translation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA.

IMP

BP

GO:0045765

regulation of angiogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.

NAS

BP

GO:0045785

positive regulation of cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.

IDA

BP

GO:0045943

positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter.

IMP

BP

GO:0045945

positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.

IDA

BP

GO:0046777

protein autophosphorylation

The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).

IDA

BP

GO:0046854

phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation

The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a phosphatidylinositol, any glycerophosphoinositol having one phosphatidyl group esterified to one of the hydroxy groups of inositol.

IEA

BP

GO:0048015

phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling

A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives.

TAS

BP

GO:0048709

oligodendrocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system.

IEA

BP

GO:0050679

positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.

IDA

BP

GO:0070372

regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

IMP

BP

GO:0071363

cellular response to growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.

IDA

BP

GO:0071364

cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus.

IMP

BP

GO:0090314

positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.

IDA

BP

GO:2000145

regulation of cell motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.

TAS

CC

GO:0005634

nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

IDA

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IDA

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

IDA|NAS|TAS

CC

GO:0010008

endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an endosome.

IDA

CC

GO:0016021

integral component of membrane

The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

NAS

CC

GO:0016323

basolateral plasma membrane

The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.

IDA

CC

GO:0016324

apical plasma membrane

The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.

IEA

CC

GO:0031410

cytoplasmic vesicle

A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.

IEA

CC

GO:0043209

myelin sheath

An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.

IEA

CC

GO:0043235

receptor complex

Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.

IDA|TAS

CC

GO:0048471

perinuclear region of cytoplasm

Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.

IEA

MF

GO:0001042

RNA polymerase I core binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with RNA polymerase I core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of seventeen subunits.

IDA

MF

GO:0004713

protein tyrosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.

IDA|IGI|TAS

MF

GO:0004714

transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.

IDA

MF

GO:0004716

receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activity

Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.

IEA

MF

GO:0004888

transmembrane signaling receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction.

IDA

MF

GO:0005088

Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ras superfamily. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.

TAS

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0005524

ATP binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.

IEA

MF

GO:0008022

protein C-terminus binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.

IPI

MF

GO:0019838

growth factor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any growth factor, proteins or polypeptides that stimulate a cell or organism to grow or proliferate.

IDA

MF

GO:0019903

protein phosphatase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein phosphatase.

IPI

MF

GO:0042802

identical protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.

IPI

MF

GO:0043125

ErbB-3 class receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the protein-tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB-3/HER3.

TAS

MF

GO:0046934

phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).

TAS

MF

GO:0046982

protein heterodimerization activity

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.

IDA|IPI

MF

GO:0046983

protein dimerization activity

The formation of a protein dimer, a macromolecular structure consists of two noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.

NAS