BP

GO:0006090

pyruvate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.

TAS

BP

GO:0006099

tricarboxylic acid cycle

A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle.

TAS

BP

GO:0006103

2-oxoglutarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxoglutarate, the dianion of 2-oxoglutaric acid. It is a key constituent of the TCA cycle and a key intermediate in amino-acid metabolism.

IEA

BP

GO:0006120

mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone

The transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex I.

IEA

BP

GO:0006508

proteolysis

The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds.

IEA

BP

GO:0006554

lysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.

TAS

BP

GO:0007369

gastrulation

A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.

IEA

BP

GO:0007568

aging

A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).

IEA

BP

GO:0009083

branched-chain amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.

TAS

BP

GO:0009106

lipoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid.

IEA

BP

GO:0010510

regulation of acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate.

TAS

BP

GO:0042391

regulation of membrane potential

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.

IEA

BP

GO:0045454

cell redox homeostasis

Any process that maintains the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0046487

glyoxylate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH.

TAS

BP

GO:0048240

sperm capacitation

A process required for sperm to reach fertilization competence. Sperm undergo an incompletely understood series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving, among other processes, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium.

IEA

BP

GO:0051068

dihydrolipoamide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrolipoamide, the reduced form of lipoamide, produced as an intermediate in the reactions in which lipoamide acts as a cofactor.

IEA

BP

GO:0061732

mitochondrial acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate in the mitochondrion. The process begins with the transport of pyruvate from the cytosol to the mitochondrion where it is subsequently decarboxylated to form acetyl-CoA.

IC

CC

GO:0005654

nucleoplasm

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

IDA

CC

GO:0005739

mitochondrion

A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.

IDA

CC

GO:0005759

mitochondrial matrix

The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation.

TAS

CC

GO:0005929

cilium

A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body.

IEA

CC

GO:0043159

acrosomal matrix

A structural framework, or 'dense core' at the interior of an acrosome. May regulate the distribution of hydrolases within the acrosome and their release during the acrosome reaction.

IEA

CC

GO:0043209

myelin sheath

An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.

IEA

CC

GO:0045252

oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) ; EC:1.2.4.2 (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase ; EC:2.3.1.61 (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ; EC:1.8.1.4 (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2).

IEA

CC

GO:0045254

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).

IDA

MF

GO:0004148

dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine + NAD+ = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + NADH + H+.

TAS

MF

GO:0034604

pyruvate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.

IDA

MF

GO:0043544

lipoamide binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lipoamide, the functional form of lipoic acid in which the carboxyl group is attached to protein by an amide linkage to a lysine amino group.

IEA

MF

GO:0050660

flavin adenine dinucleotide binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with FAD, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in either the oxidized form, FAD, or the reduced form, FADH2.

IEA

MF

GO:0051287

NAD binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD+, or the reduced form, NADH.

IEA