BP

GO:0000002

mitochondrial genome maintenance

The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome.

IBA

BP

GO:0000723

telomere maintenance

Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins, the length of telomeric DNA and the replication and repair of the DNA. These processes includes those that shorten, lengthen, replicate and repair the telomeric DNA sequences.

IEA

BP

GO:0006281

DNA repair

The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.

IEA

BP

GO:0006310

DNA recombination

Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Intrachromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.

IEA

BP

GO:0032204

regulation of telomere maintenance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.

IDA

BP

GO:0032211

negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.

IBA

BP

GO:0032508

DNA duplex unwinding

The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating a region of unpaired single strands.

IEA

BP

GO:0044806

G-quadruplex DNA unwinding

The process by which G-quadruplex (also known as G4) DNA, which is a four-stranded DNA structure held together by guanine base pairing, is unwound or 'melted'.

IBA

BP

GO:0051974

negative regulation of telomerase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme telomerase, which catalyzes of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).

IDA

CC

GO:0000784

nuclear chromosome, telomeric region

The terminal region of a linear nuclear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.

IDA

CC

GO:0005657

replication fork

The Y-shaped region of a replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.

IBA

CC

GO:0005739

mitochondrion

A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.

IBA

MF

GO:0000287

magnesium ion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with magnesium (Mg) ions.

IDA

MF

GO:0005524

ATP binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.

IDA

MF

GO:0010521

telomerase inhibitor activity

Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a telomerase. Telomerase catalyzes the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time using an internal RNA template that encodes the telomeric repeat sequence.

IBA

MF

GO:0017116

single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of single-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of a DNA helix.

IDA

MF

GO:0033682

ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA/RNA helicase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction drives the unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex in the direction 5' to 3'.

IDA

MF

GO:0042162

telomeric DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a telomere, a specific structure at the end of a linear chromosome required for the integrity and maintenance of the end.

IDA

MF

GO:0043141

ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 5' to 3'.

IDA

MF

GO:0051880

G-quadruplex DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad. The stacking of guanine tetrads results in G-quadruplex DNA structures. G-quadruplex DNA can form under physiological conditions from some G-rich sequences, such as those found in telomeres, immunoglobulin switch regions, gene promoters, fragile X repeats, and the dimerization domain in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome.

IEA