BP

GO:0000165

MAPK cascade

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.

TAS

BP

GO:0007165

signal transduction

The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.

TAS

BP

GO:0043547

positive regulation of GTPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.

IEA

BP

GO:0046580

negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.

IBA

BP

GO:0051209

release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the cytosolic compartment.

IEA

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IBA

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

TAS

CC

GO:0031235

intrinsic component of the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane

The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that have some covalently attached part (e.g. peptide sequence or GPI anchor) which is embedded in the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane only.

IDA

MF

GO:0005096

GTPase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a GTPase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP.

IEA

MF

GO:0015278

calcium-release channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion from intracellular stores by a channel that opens when a specific intracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.

IDA

MF

GO:0046872

metal ion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.

IEA