BP

GO:0001764

neuron migration

The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.

TAS

BP

GO:0001963

synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.

IEA

BP

GO:0006886

intracellular protein transport

The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0006913

nucleocytoplasmic transport

The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

IEA

BP

GO:0007049

cell cycle

The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.

IEA

BP

GO:0007160

cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.

IEA

BP

GO:0007268

chemical synaptic transmission

The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a neuron, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.

TAS

BP

GO:0007416

synapse assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.

TAS

BP

GO:0007519

skeletal muscle tissue development

The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult skeletal muscle tissue. The main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers.

IEA

BP

GO:0008045

motor neuron axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

IEA

BP

GO:0008283

cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.

TAS

BP

GO:0008542

visual learning

Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue.

IEA

BP

GO:0009611

response to wounding

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.

IEA

BP

GO:0014044

Schwann cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a Schwann cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function.

IEA

BP

GO:0016079

synaptic vesicle exocytosis

Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.

TAS

BP

GO:0016241

regulation of macroautophagy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy.

TAS

BP

GO:0016310

phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.

IDA

BP

GO:0018105

peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.

IDA

BP

GO:0018107

peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.

IEA

BP

GO:0019233

sensory perception of pain

The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process.

IEA

BP

GO:0021697

cerebellar cortex formation

The process that gives rise to the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.

IEA

BP

GO:0021766

hippocampus development

The progression of the hippocampus over time from its initial formation until its mature state.

IEA

BP

GO:0021819

layer formation in cerebral cortex

The detachment of cells from radial glial fibers at the appropriate time when they cease to migrate and form distinct layer in the cerebral cortex.

IEA

BP

GO:0021954

central nervous system neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron.

IEA

BP

GO:0022038

corpus callosum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corpus callosum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provide communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

IEA

BP

GO:0030182

neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron.

ISS|TAS

BP

GO:0030334

regulation of cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

IEA

BP

GO:0030517

negative regulation of axon extension

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth.

IEA

BP

GO:0030866

cortical actin cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of actin-based cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.

IEA

BP

GO:0031175

neuron projection development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).

ISS

BP

GO:0031397

negative regulation of protein ubiquitination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.

IEA

BP

GO:0031914

negative regulation of synaptic plasticity

A process that decreases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.

IEA

BP

GO:0032092

positive regulation of protein binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.

IEA

BP

GO:0032801

receptor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.

IEA

BP

GO:0033136

serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein

The process of introducing a phosphate group to a serine residue of the STAT3 protein.

IEA

BP

GO:0035249

synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.

IEA

BP

GO:0035418

protein localization to synapse

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0042981

regulation of apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process.

TAS

BP

GO:0043113

receptor clustering

The receptor metabolic process that results in grouping of a set of receptors at a cellular location, often to amplify the sensitivity of a signaling response.

IEA

BP

GO:0043525

positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.

ISS

BP

GO:0045786

negative regulation of cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.

IEA

BP

GO:0045860

positive regulation of protein kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.

IEA

BP

GO:0045861

negative regulation of proteolysis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.

IMP

BP

GO:0045892

negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

IMP

BP

GO:0045956

positive regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.

IEA

BP

GO:0046777

protein autophosphorylation

The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).

IEA

BP

GO:0046826

negative regulation of protein export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

IEA

BP

GO:0048148

behavioral response to cocaine

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0048167

regulation of synaptic plasticity

A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.

ISS|TAS

BP

GO:0048488

synaptic vesicle endocytosis

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of presynaptic membrane that recycles synaptic vesicle membrane and its components following synaptic vesicle exocytosis. This process starts with coating of the membrane with adaptor proteins and clathrin prior to invagination and ends when uncoating has finished.

TAS

BP

GO:0048511

rhythmic process

Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism.

IEA

BP

GO:0048675

axon extension

Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development.

TAS

BP

GO:0048709

oligodendrocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system.

IDA

BP

GO:0048813

dendrite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0051301

cell division

The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells.

IEA

BP

GO:0051402

neuron apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.

TAS

BP

GO:0060079

excitatory postsynaptic potential

A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.

IEA

BP

GO:0061001

regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.

ISS

BP

GO:0070509

calcium ion import

The directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.

IEA

BP

GO:0071156

regulation of cell cycle arrest

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell cycle arrest, the process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases.

TAS

BP

GO:0090314

positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.

IEA

BP

GO:1901215

negative regulation of neuron death

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.

IDA

BP

GO:1901796

regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.

TAS

BP

GO:1903421

regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling.

NAS

BP

GO:2000251

positive regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization.

TAS

BP

GO:2000273

positive regulation of receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor activity.

IEA

CC

GO:0005634

nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

IDA|ISS

CC

GO:0005654

nucleoplasm

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

TAS

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IDA|ISS

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

TAS

CC

GO:0005856

cytoskeleton

Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.

IEA

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

IDA

CC

GO:0014069

postsynaptic density

The postsynaptic density is a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at an excitatory synapse. It forms an electron-dense disc that consists of a range of proteins with different functions, some of which contact the cytoplasmic domains of ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane. The proteins making up the disc include structural proteins linked to the actin cytoskeleton and signalling machinery, such as protein kinases and phosphatases.

ISS

CC

GO:0016020

membrane

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

ISS

CC

GO:0016533

cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 holoenzyme complex

A protein complex that activates cyclin-dependent kinase 5; composed of regulatory and catalytic subunits.

IEA

CC

GO:0030027

lamellipodium

A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a migrating cell or extending cell process; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.

IEA

CC

GO:0030054

cell junction

A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.

IDA

CC

GO:0030175

filopodium

Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft.

IEA

CC

GO:0030424

axon

The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.

ISS

CC

GO:0030425

dendrite

A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.

ISS

CC

GO:0030426

growth cone

The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.

ISS

CC

GO:0031594

neuromuscular junction

The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential.

ISS

CC

GO:0043025

neuronal cell body

The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.

ISS

CC

GO:0043204

perikaryon

The portion of the cell soma (cell body) that excludes the nucleus.

IEA

CC

GO:0045211

postsynaptic membrane

A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

IEA

CC

GO:0098793

presynapse

The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell.

IEA

MF

GO:0002039

p53 binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one of the p53 family of proteins.

IEA

MF

GO:0004672

protein kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.

TAS

MF

GO:0004674

protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.

IDA|ISS|TAS

MF

GO:0004693

cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. This reaction requires the binding of a regulatory cyclin subunit and full activity requires stimulatory phosphorylation by a CDK-activating kinase (CAK).

TAS

MF

GO:0005176

ErbB-2 class receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the protein-tyrosine kinase receptor Neu/ErbB-2/HER2.

ISS

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0005524

ATP binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.

IEA

MF

GO:0008092

cytoskeletal protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein component of any cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).

IEA

MF

GO:0016301

kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.

ISS

MF

GO:0019901

protein kinase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.

IEA

MF

GO:0030549

acetylcholine receptor activator activity

Interacting (directly or indirectly) with acetylcholine receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.

ISS

MF

GO:0043125

ErbB-3 class receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the protein-tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB-3/HER3.

ISS

MF

GO:0046875

ephrin receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ephrin receptor.

IEA

MF

GO:0050321

tau-protein kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tau-protein = ADP + O-phospho-tau-protein.

ISS