BP

GO:0007155

cell adhesion

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.

TAS

BP

GO:0007156

homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules

The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0007157

heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules

The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0010001

glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell.

ISS

BP

GO:0016339

calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.

IEA

BP

GO:0016477

cell migration

The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.

IEA

BP

GO:0021987

cerebral cortex development

The progression of the cerebral cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cerebral cortex is the outer layered region of the telencephalon.

IEA

BP

GO:0034332

adherens junction organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.

TAS

BP

GO:0043410

positive regulation of MAPK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.

IEA

BP

GO:0044331

cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

The attachment of one cell to another cell via a cadherin, transmembrane proteins having repeating extracellular calcium ion binding domains.

ISS

BP

GO:0048514

blood vessel morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.

IEA

BP

GO:0048854

brain morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).

IEA

BP

GO:0048872

homeostasis of number of cells

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells.

IEA

BP

GO:0051146

striated muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle.

IEA

BP

GO:0051149

positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.

TAS

BP

GO:0060019

radial glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the brain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.

IEA

BP

GO:0060563

neuroepithelial cell differentiation

The process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.

IEA

BP

GO:0070445

regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.

IEA

BP

GO:0090002

establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane.

IEA

BP

GO:0090090

negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.

IEA

BP

GO:0097118

neuroligin clustering involved in postsynaptic membrane assembly

The receptor clustering process involved in assembly of the postsynaptic membrane in which neuroligins are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. Neuroligins are neuronal cell surface proteins on the postsynaptic membrane that mediate synapse formation between neurons.

IEA

BP

GO:0097150

neuronal stem cell population maintenance

Any process in by an organism or tissue maintains a population of neuronal stem cells.

ISS

BP

GO:1902897

regulation of postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering.

IEA

BP

GO:2000809

positive regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.

IEA

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IDA

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

IDA|TAS

CC

GO:0005911

cell-cell junction

A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.

IDA

CC

GO:0005913

cell-cell adherens junction

An adherens junction which connects a cell to another cell.

IDA

CC

GO:0005916

fascia adherens

A cell-cell adherens junction that contains the transmembrane protein N-cadherin, which interacts with identical molecules from neighboring cells to form a tight mechanical intercellular link; forms a large portion of the intercalated disc, the structure at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes.

IEA

CC

GO:0005925

focal adhesion

Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.

IDA

CC

GO:0014704

intercalated disc

A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells.

ISS

CC

GO:0016021

integral component of membrane

The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

IEA

CC

GO:0016323

basolateral plasma membrane

The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.

IEA

CC

GO:0016324

apical plasma membrane

The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.

IEA

CC

GO:0016342

catenin complex

Complex of peripheral cytoplasmic proteins (alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin) that interact with the cytoplasmic region of uvomorulin/E-cadherin to connect it to the actin cytoskeleton.

IDA

CC

GO:0030027

lamellipodium

A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a migrating cell or extending cell process; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.

IDA

CC

GO:0030864

cortical actin cytoskeleton

The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.

IDA

CC

GO:0044853

plasma membrane raft

A membrane raft that is part of the plasma membrane.

IEA

CC

GO:0045202

synapse

The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

IEA

CC

GO:0070062

extracellular exosome

A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

IDA

MF

GO:0005509

calcium ion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+).

IEA

MF

GO:0008013

beta-catenin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the beta subunit of the catenin complex.

TAS

MF

GO:0019903

protein phosphatase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein phosphatase.

IEA

MF

GO:0045294

alpha-catenin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the alpha subunit of the catenin complex.

IPI

MF

GO:0045295

gamma-catenin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the gamma subunit of the catenin complex.

IPI