BP

GO:0002040

sprouting angiogenesis

The extension of new blood vessels from existing capillaries into avascular tissues resulting from the proliferation of blood vessel endothelial cells.

IEA

BP

GO:0003161

cardiac conduction system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat.

IEA

BP

GO:0003334

keratinocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a keratinocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

IEA

BP

GO:0007030

Golgi organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus.

ISS

BP

GO:0007088

regulation of mitotic nuclear division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.

IEA

BP

GO:0007097

nuclear migration

The directed movement of the nucleus.

IEA

BP

GO:0007163

establishment or maintenance of cell polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.

TAS

BP

GO:0007264

small GTPase mediated signal transduction

Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals.

IEA

BP

GO:0007596

blood coagulation

The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers.

TAS

BP

GO:0010628

positive regulation of gene expression

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

IEA

BP

GO:0010629

negative regulation of gene expression

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

IEA

BP

GO:0016567

protein ubiquitination

The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein.

IEA

BP

GO:0021762

substantia nigra development

The progression of the substantia nigra over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The substantia nigra is the layer of gray substance that separates the posterior parts of the cerebral peduncles (tegmentum mesencephali) from the anterior parts; it normally includes a posterior compact part with many pigmented cells (pars compacta) and an anterior reticular part whose cells contain little pigment (pars reticularis).

IEP

BP

GO:0030036

actin cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.

IDA

BP

GO:0030225

macrophage differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage.

TAS

BP

GO:0030307

positive regulation of cell growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.

IMP

BP

GO:0031069

hair follicle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized.

IEA

BP

GO:0031274

positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.

IDA

BP

GO:0031295

T cell costimulation

The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment T cell activation.

TAS

BP

GO:0031333

negative regulation of protein complex assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.

IPI

BP

GO:0031424

keratinization

The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns.

IEA

BP

GO:0031647

regulation of protein stability

Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein, altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation.

IEA

BP

GO:0032467

positive regulation of cytokinesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells.

IMP

BP

GO:0033138

positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.

IEA

BP

GO:0034332

adherens junction organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.

IEA

BP

GO:0034613

cellular protein localization

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0035088

establishment or maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance polarization of a cell's architecture along its apical/basal axis so that the apical and basal regions of the cell have different membrane, extracellular matrix and sub-membrane cellular components.

IEA

BP

GO:0035264

multicellular organism growth

The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth.

IEA

BP

GO:0036336

dendritic cell migration

The movement of a dendritic cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.

IEA

BP

GO:0038096

Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

An Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.

TAS

BP

GO:0039694

viral RNA genome replication

The replication of a viral RNA genome.

IMP

BP

GO:0042059

negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.

TAS

BP

GO:0042176

regulation of protein catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.

IEA

BP

GO:0043497

regulation of protein heterodimerization activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein heterodimerization, interacting selectively with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.

IEA

BP

GO:0043525

positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.

IEA

BP

GO:0043552

positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.

IEA

BP

GO:0045740

positive regulation of DNA replication

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.

IEA

BP

GO:0045859

regulation of protein kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.

IEA

BP

GO:0046330

positive regulation of JNK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.

IEA

BP

GO:0046847

filopodium assembly

The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.

IEA

BP

GO:0048010

vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

TAS

BP

GO:0048013

ephrin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an ephrin receptor binding to an ephrin.

TAS

BP

GO:0048664

neuron fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.

IEA

BP

GO:0051017

actin filament bundle assembly

The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.

IEA

BP

GO:0051056

regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.

TAS

BP

GO:0051149

positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.

TAS

BP

GO:0051489

regulation of filopodium assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.

IDA

BP

GO:0051683

establishment of Golgi localization

The directed movement of the Golgi to a specific location.

ISS

BP

GO:0051835

positive regulation of synapse structural plasticity

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic structural plasticity.

IEA

BP

GO:0051988

regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.

IMP

BP

GO:0060047

heart contraction

The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.

IEA

BP

GO:0060070

canonical Wnt signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.

IEA

BP

GO:0060071

Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity.

NAS

BP

GO:0060501

positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung attaining its shape.

IEA

BP

GO:0060661

submandibular salivary gland formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a submandibular salivary gland. This process begins with a thickening of the epithelium next to the tongue and ends when a bud linked to the oral surface is formed.

IEA

BP

GO:0060684

epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling

Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted.

IEA

BP

GO:0060789

hair follicle placode formation

The developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.

IEA

BP

GO:0071338

positive regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.

IEA

BP

GO:0072384

organelle transport along microtubule

The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.

ISS

BP

GO:0090135

actin filament branching

The formation of daughter actin filament branches at an angle on the sides of preexisting mother filaments.

IEA

BP

GO:0090136

epithelial cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of an epithelial cell to another epithelial cell via adhesion molecules.

IEA

BP

GO:0090316

positive regulation of intracellular protein transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.

IEA

BP

GO:1900026

positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.

IDA

CC

GO:0000139

Golgi membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.

ISS

CC

GO:0000322

storage vacuole

A vacuole that functions primarily in the storage of materials, including nutrients, pigments, waste products, and small molecules.

IEA

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IDA

CC

GO:0005789

endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.

TAS

CC

GO:0005815

microtubule organizing center

An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides.

IEA

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

TAS

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

IDA|TAS

CC

GO:0005911

cell-cell junction

A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.

IEA

CC

GO:0005925

focal adhesion

Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.

IDA

CC

GO:0016020

membrane

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

IDA

CC

GO:0030141

secretory granule

A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules.

IEA

CC

GO:0030175

filopodium

Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft.

IDA

CC

GO:0030496

midbody

A thin cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. The midbody forms where the contractile ring constricts, and may persist for some time before finally breaking to complete cytokinesis.

IDA

CC

GO:0031256

leading edge membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell.

IEA

CC

GO:0036464

cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule

A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm.

IDA

CC

GO:0043005

neuron projection

A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.

IDA

CC

GO:0043025

neuronal cell body

The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.

IDA

CC

GO:0043209

myelin sheath

An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.

IEA

CC

GO:0045177

apical part of cell

The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.

IEA

CC

GO:0051233

spindle midzone

The area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.

IDA

CC

GO:0070062

extracellular exosome

A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

IDA

CC

GO:0072686

mitotic spindle

A spindle that forms as part of mitosis. Mitotic and meiotic spindles contain distinctive complements of proteins associated with microtubules.

IDA

MF

GO:0003924

GTPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate.

TAS

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0005525

GTP binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with GTP, guanosine triphosphate.

IDA

MF

GO:0019901

protein kinase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.

IDA|IPI

MF

GO:0030742

GTP-dependent protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules) using energy from the hydrolysis of GTP.

IEA

MF

GO:0031435

mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, any protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase.

IEA

MF

GO:0031996

thioesterase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any thioesterase enzyme.

IPI

MF

GO:0034191

apolipoprotein A-I receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an apolipoprotein A-I receptor.

IPI

MF

GO:0051022

Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein.

IEA

MF

GO:0061630

ubiquitin protein ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ubiquitin + S --> X + S-ubiquitin, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ubiquitin linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate. Note that this may include the extension of ubiquitin chains.

IDA