BP

GO:0000082

G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G1 commits to S phase. The process begins with the build up of G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (G1 CDK), resulting in the activation of transcription of G1 cyclins. The process ends with the positive feedback of the G1 cyclins on the G1 CDK which commits the cell to S phase, in which DNA replication is initiated.

IEA

BP

GO:0000165

MAPK cascade

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.

TAS

BP

GO:0001558

regulation of cell growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.

NAS

BP

GO:0001666

response to hypoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.

IEA

BP

GO:0002026

regulation of the force of heart contraction

Any process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled.

TAS

BP

GO:0003254

regulation of membrane depolarization

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential, usually from negative to positive.

IDA

BP

GO:0006357

regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

TAS

BP

GO:0006468

protein phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.

IDA

BP

GO:0006816

calcium ion transport

The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.

IEA

BP

GO:0008016

regulation of heart contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.

TAS

BP

GO:0010389

regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.

IEA

BP

GO:0010613

positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.

IMP

BP

GO:0010649

regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.

ISS

BP

GO:0010666

positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that increases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.

ISS

BP

GO:0010880

regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the process in which the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels.

ISS

BP

GO:0010881

regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.

IC|TAS

BP

GO:0014911

positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.

IEA

BP

GO:0018105

peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.

IDA

BP

GO:0018107

peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.

IDA

BP

GO:0030007

cellular potassium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of potassium ions at the level of a cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0032469

endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings.

ISS

BP

GO:0035022

positive regulation of Rac protein signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.

IEA

BP

GO:0043547

positive regulation of GTPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.

IEA

BP

GO:0046777

protein autophosphorylation

The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).

IDA

BP

GO:0048661

positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.

IEA

BP

GO:0051259

protein oligomerization

The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers; protein oligomers may be composed of different or identical monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.

IDA

BP

GO:0055119

relaxation of cardiac muscle

The process in which the extent of cardiac muscle contraction is reduced.

ISS

BP

GO:0060314

regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Any process that modulates the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.

TAS

BP

GO:0060333

interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interferon-gamma to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.

TAS

BP

GO:0060341

regulation of cellular localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.

IMP

BP

GO:0061049

cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development

The growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state.

IEA

BP

GO:0070374

positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

IEA

BP

GO:0071277

cellular response to calcium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.

TAS

BP

GO:0086003

cardiac muscle cell contraction

The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of a cardiac muscle cell.

ISS

BP

GO:0086091

regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction

A cardiac conduction process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.

IC

BP

GO:0098901

regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.

ISS

BP

GO:0098909

regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in regulation of contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction.

IC

BP

GO:1900034

regulation of cellular response to heat

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat.

TAS

BP

GO:1901725

regulation of histone deacetylase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone deacetylase activity.

TAS

BP

GO:1901844

regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.

IC

BP

GO:1901897

regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle.

IDA

BP

GO:1902306

negative regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport.

IDA

BP

GO:1902514

regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of generation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel.

ISS

BP

GO:2000650

negative regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity.

IDA

CC

GO:0005634

nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

ISS

CC

GO:0005654

nucleoplasm

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

TAS

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

ISS

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

TAS

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

TAS

CC

GO:0014704

intercalated disc

A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells.

IEA

CC

GO:0016020

membrane

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

IDA

CC

GO:0030315

T-tubule

Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.

IEA

CC

GO:0030666

endocytic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle.

TAS

CC

GO:0031594

neuromuscular junction

The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential.

IEA

CC

GO:0033017

sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

IEA

CC

GO:0034704

calcium channel complex

An ion channel complex through which calcium ions pass.

ISS

CC

GO:0043025

neuronal cell body

The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.

IEA

CC

GO:0043194

axon initial segment

Portion of the axon proximal to the neuronal cell body, at the level of the axon hillock. The action potentials that propagate along the axon are generated at the level of this initial segment.

IEA

CC

GO:0048471

perinuclear region of cytoplasm

Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.

IEA

MF

GO:0004674

protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.

IDA|TAS

MF

GO:0004683

calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; and ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. These reactions require the presence of calcium-bound calmodulin.

IDA

MF

GO:0005088

Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ras superfamily. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.

TAS

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0005516

calmodulin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states.

IPI

MF

GO:0005524

ATP binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.

IEA

MF

GO:0019871

sodium channel inhibitor activity

Stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a sodium channel.

IDA

MF

GO:0031432

titin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with titin, any of a family of giant proteins found in striated and smooth muscle. In striated muscle, single titin molecules span half the sarcomere, with their N- and C-termini in the Z-disc and M-line, respectively.

IPI

MF

GO:0042803

protein homodimerization activity

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.

IPI

MF

GO:0044325

ion channel binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.

IPI|ISS

MF

GO:0050998

nitric-oxide synthase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.

IEA