BP

GO:0000187

activation of MAPK activity

The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK).

TAS

BP

GO:0006915

apoptotic process

A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.

IEA

BP

GO:0006935

chemotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).

TAS

BP

GO:0006954

inflammatory response

The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.

IBA

BP

GO:0006955

immune response

Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.

TAS

BP

GO:0006968

cellular defense response

A defense response that is mediated by cells.

TAS

BP

GO:0007165

signal transduction

The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.

TAS

BP

GO:0007200

phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent increase in the concentration of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).

IBA

BP

GO:0007202

activation of phospholipase C activity

The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme phospolipase C as the result of a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand.

TAS

BP

GO:0007204

positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.

IEA

BP

GO:0007606

sensory perception of chemical stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.

TAS

BP

GO:0010575

positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production

Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.

IEA

BP

GO:0010759

positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0021534

cell proliferation in hindbrain

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain.

IEA

BP

GO:0030449

regulation of complement activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.

TAS

BP

GO:0030593

neutrophil chemotaxis

The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.

IEA

BP

GO:0031100

animal organ regeneration

The regrowth of a lost or destroyed animal organ.

IEA

BP

GO:0032494

response to peptidoglycan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.

IEA

BP

GO:0032496

response to lipopolysaccharide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.

IEA

BP

GO:0038178

complement component C5a signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the C5a component of the complement pathway binding to a complement receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process. C5a is a peptide derived from the C5 complement factor.

IEA

BP

GO:0042789

mRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.

IDA

BP

GO:0043524

negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.

IEA

BP

GO:0045766

positive regulation of angiogenesis

Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.

IEA

BP

GO:0050679

positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.

IDA

BP

GO:0050830

defense response to Gram-positive bacterium

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.

IEA

BP

GO:0050900

leukocyte migration

The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.

IBA

BP

GO:0060326

cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).

IBA

BP

GO:0070374

positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

IDA

BP

GO:0090023

positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.

IEA

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

TAS

CC

GO:0005887

integral component of plasma membrane

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

TAS

CC

GO:0009986

cell surface

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

IEA

CC

GO:0016023

cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded vesicle

A membrane-bounded vesicle found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

IEA

CC

GO:0016323

basolateral plasma membrane

The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.

IDA

CC

GO:0045177

apical part of cell

The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.

IDA

MF

GO:0001856

complement component C5a binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the C5a product of the complement cascade.

IEA

MF

GO:0004878

complement component C5a receptor activity

Combining with the C5a product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.

IDA

MF

GO:0004930

G-protein coupled receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.

IEA