BP

GO:0000723

telomere maintenance

Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins, the length of telomeric DNA and the replication and repair of the DNA. These processes includes those that shorten, lengthen, replicate and repair the telomeric DNA sequences.

TAS

BP

GO:0006302

double-strand break repair

The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.

IMP

BP

GO:0006303

double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining

The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. This term covers instances of separate pathways, called classical (or canonical) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ and A-NHEJ). These in turn may further branch into sub-pathways, but evidence is still unclear.

IMP|TAS

BP

GO:0006310

DNA recombination

Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Intrachromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.

IEA

BP

GO:0006351

transcription, DNA-templated

The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.

IEA

BP

GO:0007420

brain development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).

IEA

BP

GO:0008283

cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.

IEA

BP

GO:0032481

positive regulation of type I interferon production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.

TAS

BP

GO:0032508

DNA duplex unwinding

The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating a region of unpaired single strands.

IEA

BP

GO:0042493

response to drug

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.

IEA

BP

GO:0045892

negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

IMP

BP

GO:0048660

regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.

IMP

BP

GO:0050769

positive regulation of neurogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.

IEA

BP

GO:0060218

hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

IEA

BP

GO:0071398

cellular response to fatty acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0071475

cellular hyperosmotic salinity response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.

IEA

BP

GO:0071480

cellular response to gamma radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.

IBA

BP

GO:0071481

cellular response to X-ray

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).

IBA

BP

GO:0075713

establishment of integrated proviral latency

A process by which the virus integrates into the host genome and establishes as a stable provirus or prophage.

TAS

BP

GO:1904430

negative regulation of t-circle formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of t-circle formation.

IMP

CC

GO:0000783

nuclear telomere cap complex

A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.

TAS

CC

GO:0000784

nuclear chromosome, telomeric region

The terminal region of a linear nuclear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.

IDA

CC

GO:0005634

nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

IDA

CC

GO:0005654

nucleoplasm

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

IDA|TAS

CC

GO:0005730

nucleolus

A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.

IEA

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

TAS

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

IDA

CC

GO:0016020

membrane

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

IDA

CC

GO:0043564

Ku70:Ku80 complex

Heterodimeric protein complex composed of a 70 kDa and a 80 kDa subunit, binds DNA through a channel formed by the heterodimer. Functions in DNA double stranded break repair, chromosome maintenance, transcription regulation, V(D)J recombination, and activation of DNA-PK.

IDA

CC

GO:0070419

nonhomologous end joining complex

A protein complex that plays a role in DNA double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining. Such complexes typically contain a specialized DNA ligase (e.g. Lig4 in eukaryotes) and one or more proteins that bind to DNA ends.

IDA

MF

GO:0003677

DNA binding

Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

NAS

MF

GO:0003684

damaged DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with damaged DNA.

IBA

MF

GO:0003690

double-stranded DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA.

TAS

MF

GO:0003691

double-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded telomere-associated DNA.

IDA

MF

GO:0004003

ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction drives the unwinding of the DNA helix.

IEA

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0005524

ATP binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.

IEA

MF

GO:0008022

protein C-terminus binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.

IPI

MF

GO:0031625

ubiquitin protein ligase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins.

IPI

MF

GO:0042162

telomeric DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a telomere, a specific structure at the end of a linear chromosome required for the integrity and maintenance of the end.

IDA|TAS

MF

GO:0044212

transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates the transcription of a region of DNA, which may be a gene, cistron, or operon. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.

IDA

MF

GO:0044822

poly(A) RNA binding

Interacting non-covalently with a poly(A) RNA, a RNA molecule which has a tail of adenine bases.

IDA

MF

GO:0044877

macromolecular complex binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any macromolecular complex.

IPI

MF

GO:0051575

5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity

Catalysis of the beta-elimination of the 5' deoxyribose-5-phosphate at an abasic site in DNA where a DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase has already cleaved the C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site.

IMP