BP

GO:0000082

G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G1 commits to S phase. The process begins with the build up of G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (G1 CDK), resulting in the activation of transcription of G1 cyclins. The process ends with the positive feedback of the G1 cyclins on the G1 CDK which commits the cell to S phase, in which DNA replication is initiated.

TAS

BP

GO:0000083

regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are involved in the transition between G1 and S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.

TAS

BP

GO:0006139

nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process

Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.

TAS

BP

GO:0006231

dTMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate).

IDA

BP

GO:0006235

dTTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.

IEA

BP

GO:0006417

regulation of translation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA.

IEA

BP

GO:0007568

aging

A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).

IEA

BP

GO:0007623

circadian rhythm

Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.

IEA

BP

GO:0008283

cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.

NAS

BP

GO:0009157

deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.

TAS

BP

GO:0009636

response to toxic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0016049

cell growth

The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.

NAS

BP

GO:0019088

immortalization of host cell by virus

A virus-induced cellular transformation arising in immortalized cells, or cells capable of indefinite replication, due to their ability to produce their own telomerase.

IEA

BP

GO:0019860

uracil metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.

IEA

BP

GO:0032259

methylation

The process in which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule.

IEA

BP

GO:0032570

response to progesterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0033189

response to vitamin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0034097

response to cytokine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0035999

tetrahydrofolate interconversion

The chemical reactions and pathways by which one-carbon (C1) units are transferred between tetrahydrofolate molecules, to synthesise other tetrahydrofolate molecules.

IDA

BP

GO:0042493

response to drug

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.

IEA

BP

GO:0045471

response to ethanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0046078

dUMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUMP, deoxyuridine (5'-)monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate).

IEA

BP

GO:0046134

pyrimidine nucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).

TAS

BP

GO:0046683

response to organophosphorus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organophosphorus stimulus. Organophosphorus is a compound containing phosphorus bound to an organic molecule; several organophosphorus compounds are used as insecticides, and they are highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitors.

IEP

BP

GO:0048589

developmental growth

The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.

IEA

BP

GO:0051216

cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.

IEA

BP

GO:0051384

response to glucocorticoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.

IEA

BP

GO:0051593

response to folic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0060574

intestinal epithelial cell maturation

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine mature as they migrate from the intestinal crypt to the villus.

IEA

BP

GO:0071897

DNA biosynthetic process

The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the formation of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one.

IC

BP

GO:0097421

liver regeneration

The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver.

IEA

CC

GO:0005634

nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

IDA

CC

GO:0005654

nucleoplasm

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

TAS

CC

GO:0005730

nucleolus

A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.

IEA

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IDA

CC

GO:0005739

mitochondrion

A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.

IDA

CC

GO:0005743

mitochondrial inner membrane

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.

IDA

CC

GO:0005759

mitochondrial matrix

The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation.

IDA

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

TAS

MF

GO:0000166

nucleotide binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.

IEA

MF

GO:0003729

mRNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns.

IEA

MF

GO:0004799

thymidylate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP = 7,8-dihydrofolate + thymidylate.

IDA|TAS

MF

GO:0005542

folic acid binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.

IC

MF

GO:0008144

drug binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a drug, any naturally occurring or synthetic substance, other than a nutrient, that, when administered or applied to an organism, affects the structure or functioning of the organism; in particular, any such substance used in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease.

IEA

MF

GO:0042803

protein homodimerization activity

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.

IEA

MF

GO:0048037

cofactor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate.

IEA