BP

GO:0000060

protein import into nucleus, translocation

A protein transport process that contributes to protein import into the nucleus, and that results in the vectorial transfer of a cargo-carrier protein complex through the nuclear pore complex from the cytoplasmic side to the nucleoplasmic side of the nuclear envelope.

IDA

BP

GO:0000122

negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

IDA

BP

GO:0000165

MAPK cascade

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.

IMP

BP

GO:0000185

activation of MAPKKK activity

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK).

IDA

BP

GO:0000187

activation of MAPK activity

The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK).

IDA

BP

GO:0001819

positive regulation of cytokine production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine.

IDA

BP

GO:0001934

positive regulation of protein phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.

IDA

BP

GO:0002439

chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

A chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. A chronic inflammatory response persists indefinitely during days, weeks, or months in the life of an individual.

IMP

BP

GO:0002740

negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine secretion contributing to an immune response.

IDA

BP

GO:0002876

positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0002925

positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.

IEA

BP

GO:0006006

glucose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

IEA

BP

GO:0006919

activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process.

IDA

BP

GO:0006954

inflammatory response

The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.

IDA

BP

GO:0006959

humoral immune response

An immune response mediated through a body fluid.

IEA

BP

GO:0007249

I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling

The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell through the I-kappaB-kinase (IKK)-dependent activation of NF-kappaB. The cascade begins with activation of a trimeric IKK complex (consisting of catalytic kinase subunits IKKalpha and/or IKKbeta, and the regulatory scaffold protein NEMO) and ends with the regulation of transcription of target genes by NF-kappaB. In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to I-kappaB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.

TAS

BP

GO:0007254

JNK cascade

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a JNK (a MAPK), a JNKK (a MAPKK) and a JUN3K (a MAP3K). The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0008625

extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors

A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.

IDA|NAS

BP

GO:0008630

intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.

IEA

BP

GO:0009615

response to virus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.

IDA

BP

GO:0009651

response to salt stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.

TAS

BP

GO:0010628

positive regulation of gene expression

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

IDA|IMP

BP

GO:0010629

negative regulation of gene expression

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

IDA

BP

GO:0010693

negative regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.

IEA

BP

GO:0010803

regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.

TAS

BP

GO:0010888

negative regulation of lipid storage

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.

NAS

BP

GO:0030198

extracellular matrix organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.

IEA

BP

GO:0030316

osteoclast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.

IEA

BP

GO:0030730

sequestering of triglyceride

The process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.

IDA

BP

GO:0030866

cortical actin cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of actin-based cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.

IDA

BP

GO:0031334

positive regulation of protein complex assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.

IDA

BP

GO:0031622

positive regulation of fever generation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fever generation.

ISS

BP

GO:0031663

lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.

IDA

BP

GO:0032715

negative regulation of interleukin-6 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.

IDA

BP

GO:0032722

positive regulation of chemokine production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.

IDA

BP

GO:0032729

positive regulation of interferon-gamma production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.

IEA

BP

GO:0032755

positive regulation of interleukin-6 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.

IEA

BP

GO:0032757

positive regulation of interleukin-8 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.

IMP

BP

GO:0032800

receptor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.

IDA

BP

GO:0033138

positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.

IDA

BP

GO:0033209

tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a tumor necrosis factor to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IMP|TAS

BP

GO:0034116

positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.

IDA

BP

GO:0035509

negative regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.

IDA

BP

GO:0042346

positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transfer of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.

IDA

BP

GO:0043065

positive regulation of apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

IDA|IMP

BP

GO:0043068

positive regulation of programmed cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.

IDA

BP

GO:0043122

regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling

Any process that modulates I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.

IDA

BP

GO:0043123

positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.

IDA

BP

GO:0043242

negative regulation of protein complex disassembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.

IDA

BP

GO:0043243

positive regulation of protein complex disassembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.

IDA

BP

GO:0043280

positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.

IDA

BP

GO:0043406

positive regulation of MAP kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.

IDA

BP

GO:0043491

protein kinase B signaling

A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.

IMP

BP

GO:0043507

positive regulation of JUN kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.

IDA

BP

GO:0044130

negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host

Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces its increase in size or mass within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.

IEA

BP

GO:0045071

negative regulation of viral genome replication

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.

IDA

BP

GO:0045080

positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.

IDA

BP

GO:0045416

positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.

IDA

BP

GO:0045429

positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.

IDA

BP

GO:0045599

negative regulation of fat cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.

NAS

BP

GO:0045662

negative regulation of myoblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.

IEA

BP

GO:0045668

negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.

IEA

BP

GO:0045672

positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.

IDA

BP

GO:0045785

positive regulation of cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.

IMP

BP

GO:0045860

positive regulation of protein kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.

IDA

BP

GO:0045892

negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

IDA

BP

GO:0045893

positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

IDA

BP

GO:0045944

positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

IDA|IGI

BP

GO:0045994

positive regulation of translational initiation by iron

Any process involving iron that activates or increases the rate of translational initiation.

IEA

BP

GO:0046325

negative regulation of glucose import

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.

IEA

BP

GO:0048566

embryonic digestive tract development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure during embryonic development. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus.

IEP

BP

GO:0048661

positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.

IDA

BP

GO:0050715

positive regulation of cytokine secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cytokines from a cell.

IDA

BP

GO:0050766

positive regulation of phagocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.

IMP

BP

GO:0050796

regulation of insulin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.

IDA

BP

GO:0050830

defense response to Gram-positive bacterium

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.

IEA

BP

GO:0050901

leukocyte tethering or rolling

Transient adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Carbohydrates on circulating leukocytes bind selectins on the vessel wall causing the leukocytes to slow down and roll along the inner surface of the vessel wall. During this rolling motion, transitory bonds are formed and broken between selectins and their ligands. Typically the first step in cellular extravasation (the movement of leukocytes out of the circulatory system, towards the site of tissue damage or infection).

IDA

BP

GO:0050995

negative regulation of lipid catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.

IDA

BP

GO:0051023

regulation of immunoglobulin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of immunoglobulins from a cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0051044

positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain peptidolysis.

IDA

BP

GO:0051091

positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.

IDA

BP

GO:0051092

positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.

IDA|IMP

BP

GO:0051222

positive regulation of protein transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.

IDA

BP

GO:0051384

response to glucocorticoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.

IDA

BP

GO:0051533

positive regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of an NFAT protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.

IDA

BP

GO:0051798

positive regulation of hair follicle development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.

IEA

BP

GO:0051897

positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.

IEA

BP

GO:0060557

positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a vitamin D biosynthetic process. Vitamin D biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).

IDA

BP

GO:0060559

positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.

IDA

BP

GO:0060664

epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells of the submandibular salivary gland, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and the shaping of the gland.

IEA

BP

GO:0060693

regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis in the salivary gland epithelium.

IEA

BP

GO:0061048

negative regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.

IDA

BP

GO:0070374

positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

NAS

BP

GO:0071230

cellular response to amino acid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.

IEA

BP

GO:0071316

cellular response to nicotine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.

IDA

BP

GO:0071407

cellular response to organic cyclic compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.

IDA

BP

GO:0071550

death-inducing signaling complex assembly

A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a death domain (DD) interaction, as part of the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.

TAS

BP

GO:0071677

positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.

NAS

BP

GO:0071803

positive regulation of podosome assembly

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of podosome assembly.

IDA

BP

GO:0090002

establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane.

IDA

BP

GO:0097191

extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.

IDA

BP

GO:0097527

necroptotic signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals which triggers the necroptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, is characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3), and ends when the execution phase of necroptosis is triggered.

IDA

BP

GO:1901224

positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.

IDA

BP

GO:1901671

positive regulation of superoxide dismutase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of superoxide dismutase activity.

IDA

BP

GO:1903140

regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.

IDA

BP

GO:1903347

negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly.

IDA

BP

GO:1904996

positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell.

IDA

BP

GO:1904999

positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell.

IDA

BP

GO:2000010

positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.

IDA

BP

GO:2000304

positive regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ceramide biosynthetic process.

TAS

BP

GO:2000334

positive regulation of blood microparticle formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood microparticle formation.

IDA

BP

GO:2000343

positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production.

IDA

BP

GO:2001240

negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.

IDA

CC

GO:0001891

phagocytic cup

An invagination of the cell membrane formed by an actin dependent process during phagocytosis. Following internalization it is converted into a phagosome.

ISS

CC

GO:0005576

extracellular region

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

TAS

CC

GO:0005615

extracellular space

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

IDA

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

TAS

CC

GO:0005887

integral component of plasma membrane

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

IDA

CC

GO:0009897

external side of plasma membrane

The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.

ISS

CC

GO:0009986

cell surface

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

IDA

CC

GO:0045121

membrane raft

Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.

IDA

CC

GO:0055037

recycling endosome

An organelle consisting of a network of tubules that functions in targeting molecules, such as receptors transporters and lipids, to the plasma membrane.

ISS

MF

GO:0002020

protease binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protease or peptidase.

IPI

MF

GO:0005125

cytokine activity

Functions to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.

IDA

MF

GO:0005164

tumor necrosis factor receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the tumor necrosis factor receptor.

IDA

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0042802

identical protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.

IDA

MF

GO:0044212

transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates the transcription of a region of DNA, which may be a gene, cistron, or operon. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.

IDA