BP

GO:0001568

blood vessel development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.

TAS

BP

GO:0001569

patterning of blood vessels

The process that regulates the coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system.

ISS

BP

GO:0001570

vasculogenesis

The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.

ISS

BP

GO:0001666

response to hypoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.

IEA

BP

GO:0001701

in utero embryonic development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.

IEA

BP

GO:0001947

heart looping

The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation.

ISS

BP

GO:0002053

positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation

The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells.

ISS

BP

GO:0002088

lens development in camera-type eye

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.

IEA

BP

GO:0002651

positive regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.

ISS

BP

GO:0002663

positive regulation of B cell tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.

ISS

BP

GO:0002666

positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.

ISS

BP

GO:0003148

outflow tract septum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.

ISS

BP

GO:0003149

membranous septum morphogenesis

The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum.

ISS

BP

GO:0003151

outflow tract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.

ISS

BP

GO:0003181

atrioventricular valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the atrioventricular valve is generated and organized.

ISS

BP

GO:0003186

tricuspid valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the tricuspid valve is generated and organized.

ISS

BP

GO:0003214

cardiac left ventricle morphogenesis

The process in which the left cardiac ventricle is generated and organized.

ISS

BP

GO:0003274

endocardial cushion fusion

The cell-cell adhesion process of mesenchymal cardiac cushion cells that contributes to the process of cushion shaping.

ISS

BP

GO:0003430

growth plate cartilage chondrocyte growth

The growth of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time from one condition to another.

IEA

BP

GO:0006468

protein phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.

IDA

BP

GO:0006898

receptor-mediated endocytosis

An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles.

IEA

BP

GO:0006915

apoptotic process

A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.

IDA

BP

GO:0007179

transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IC|IDA|IMP|TAS

BP

GO:0007182

common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a common-partner SMAD protein. A common partner SMAD protein binds to pathway-restricted SMAD proteins forming a complex that translocates to the nucleus.

IEA

BP

GO:0007219

Notch signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IEA

BP

GO:0007224

smoothened signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened.

IEA

BP

GO:0007369

gastrulation

A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.

IEA

BP

GO:0007420

brain development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).

ISS

BP

GO:0007507

heart development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.

ISS

BP

GO:0007566

embryo implantation

Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining.

IEA

BP

GO:0007568

aging

A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).

IEA

BP

GO:0007584

response to nutrient

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0008284

positive regulation of cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

TAS

BP

GO:0009612

response to mechanical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0009749

response to glucose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0010468

regulation of gene expression

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

IEA

BP

GO:0010634

positive regulation of epithelial cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.

IEA

BP

GO:0010718

positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.

IDA

BP

GO:0018105

peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.

IDA

BP

GO:0018107

peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.

IDA

BP

GO:0023014

signal transduction by protein phosphorylation

A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate transmits a signal to the phosphorylated substrate.

IEA

BP

GO:0030512

negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.

TAS

BP

GO:0031100

animal organ regeneration

The regrowth of a lost or destroyed animal organ.

IEA

BP

GO:0032147

activation of protein kinase activity

Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein kinase.

ISS

BP

GO:0035162

embryonic hemopoiesis

The stages of blood cell formation that take place within the embryo.

ISS

BP

GO:0042060

wound healing

The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.

IEA

BP

GO:0042127

regulation of cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.

ISS

BP

GO:0042493

response to drug

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.

IDA

BP

GO:0043011

myeloid dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin.

ISS

BP

GO:0043415

positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that activates or increase the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration.

IEA

BP

GO:0043627

response to estrogen

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.

IEA

BP

GO:0045766

positive regulation of angiogenesis

Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.

IEA

BP

GO:0048545

response to steroid hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0048565

digestive tract development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.

IEA

BP

GO:0048661

positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.

IEA

BP

GO:0048701

embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase.

ISS

BP

GO:0051138

positive regulation of NK T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.

ISS

BP

GO:0060021

palate development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The palate is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities.

ISS

BP

GO:0060044

negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.

IEA

BP

GO:0060389

pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a pathway restricted SMAD protein. A pathway restricted SMAD protein is an effector protein that acts directly downstream of the transforming growth factor family receptor.

IDA

BP

GO:0060412

ventricular septum morphogenesis

The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another.

ISS

BP

GO:0060434

bronchus morphogenesis

The process in which the bronchus is generated and organized. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.

IEA

BP

GO:0060440

trachea formation

The process pertaining to the initial formation of a trachea from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the trachea is recognizable. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.

IEA

BP

GO:0060443

mammary gland morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland are generated and organized. Morphogenesis refers to the creation of shape. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.

IEA

BP

GO:0060463

lung lobe morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a lung lobe are generated and organized. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung.

IEA

BP

GO:0070723

response to cholesterol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.

IDA

BP

GO:1905007

positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation.

ISS

BP

GO:1990086

lens fiber cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a lens fiber cell. Lens fiber cells are elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.

IEA

BP

GO:2000379

positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.

IMP

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

TAS

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

IDA|TAS

CC

GO:0005901

caveola

A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm.

IDA

CC

GO:0009897

external side of plasma membrane

The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.

IDA

CC

GO:0016021

integral component of membrane

The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

IDA

CC

GO:0043235

receptor complex

Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.

IDA

CC

GO:0045121

membrane raft

Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.

IDA

CC

GO:0070022

transforming growth factor beta receptor homodimeric complex

A homodimeric receptor complex that consists of two TGF-beta receptor monomers.

IC

MF

GO:0004675

transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.

IDA

MF

GO:0004702

receptor signaling protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.

IEA

MF

GO:0005024

transforming growth factor beta-activated receptor activity

Combining with a transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.

IC|IDA|IMP

MF

GO:0005026

transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type II

Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; upon ligand binding, binds to and catalyzes the phosphorylation of a type I TGF-beta receptor.

IEA

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0005524

ATP binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.

IEA

MF

GO:0005539

glycosaminoglycan binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any glycan (polysaccharide) containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues.

IDA

MF

GO:0031435

mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, any protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase.

IEA

MF

GO:0034713

type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type I transforming growth factor beta receptor.

IPI

MF

GO:0046332

SMAD binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SMAD signaling protein.

IDA

MF

GO:0046872

metal ion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.

IEA

MF

GO:0050431

transforming growth factor beta binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with TGF-beta, transforming growth factor beta, a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types.

IDA|IPI