BP

GO:0000060

protein import into nucleus, translocation

A protein transport process that contributes to protein import into the nucleus, and that results in the vectorial transfer of a cargo-carrier protein complex through the nuclear pore complex from the cytoplasmic side to the nucleoplasmic side of the nuclear envelope.

IDA

BP

GO:0000122

negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

IEA

BP

GO:0000165

MAPK cascade

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.

IMP

BP

GO:0001570

vasculogenesis

The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.

ISS

BP

GO:0001657

ureteric bud development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

IEA

BP

GO:0001666

response to hypoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.

IEA

BP

GO:0001837

epithelial to mesenchymal transition

A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.

IDA

BP

GO:0001843

neural tube closure

The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.

ISS

BP

GO:0001933

negative regulation of protein phosphorylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.

IDA

BP

GO:0001934

positive regulation of protein phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.

IDA

BP

GO:0002028

regulation of sodium ion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.

IEA

BP

GO:0002062

chondrocyte differentiation

The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.

IDA

BP

GO:0002244

hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation

The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells.

IDA

BP

GO:0002248

connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing

The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared that contribute to an inflammatory response.

TAS

BP

GO:0002460

adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

An immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains, and allowing for enhanced responses upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus.

IEA

BP

GO:0002513

tolerance induction to self antigen

Tolerance induction directed at self antigens.

IEA

BP

GO:0002576

platelet degranulation

The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet.

TAS

BP

GO:0003179

heart valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of a heart valve is generated and organized.

ISS

BP

GO:0006468

protein phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.

ISS

BP

GO:0006611

protein export from nucleus

The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

IDA

BP

GO:0006754

ATP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.

IDA

BP

GO:0006796

phosphate-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid.

IDA

BP

GO:0006874

cellular calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0006954

inflammatory response

The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.

IDA

BP

GO:0007050

cell cycle arrest

A regulatory process that halts progression through the cell cycle during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M).

IDA

BP

GO:0007093

mitotic cell cycle checkpoint

A cell cycle checkpoint that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a mitotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage.

IDA

BP

GO:0007173

epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IDA

BP

GO:0007179

transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IDA|TAS

BP

GO:0007182

common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a common-partner SMAD protein. A common partner SMAD protein binds to pathway-restricted SMAD proteins forming a complex that translocates to the nucleus.

IDA

BP

GO:0007183

SMAD protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins.

IDA

BP

GO:0007184

SMAD protein import into nucleus

The directed movement of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.

IDA

BP

GO:0007219

Notch signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IEA

BP

GO:0007406

negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts.

IEA

BP

GO:0007435

salivary gland morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized.

IEP

BP

GO:0007492

endoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues.

IEA

BP

GO:0007507

heart development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.

ISS

BP

GO:0007565

female pregnancy

The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.

IEA

BP

GO:0007568

aging

A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).

IEA

BP

GO:0008156

negative regulation of DNA replication

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.

IMP

BP

GO:0008284

positive regulation of cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

IDA|IMP

BP

GO:0008285

negative regulation of cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

IDA

BP

GO:0008354

germ cell migration

The orderly movement of a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form.

IEA

BP

GO:0009611

response to wounding

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.

IEP

BP

GO:0009749

response to glucose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0009817

defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction

A response of an organism to a fungus that prevents the occurrence or spread of disease.

IEA

BP

GO:0010575

positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production

Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.

TAS

BP

GO:0010628

positive regulation of gene expression

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

IDA|IGI|IMP

BP

GO:0010629

negative regulation of gene expression

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

IDA|IGI

BP

GO:0010716

negative regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.

IC

BP

GO:0010718

positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.

IDA|NAS

BP

GO:0010742

macrophage derived foam cell differentiation

The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.

IC

BP

GO:0010763

positive regulation of fibroblast migration

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.

IDA

BP

GO:0010800

positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.

IDA

BP

GO:0010862

positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.

IDA

BP

GO:0010936

negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.

IDA

BP

GO:0014003

oligodendrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of an oligodendrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons in the central nervous system.

IEA

BP

GO:0016049

cell growth

The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.

IEA

BP

GO:0016202

regulation of striated muscle tissue development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.

ISS

BP

GO:0016477

cell migration

The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.

IDA

BP

GO:0017015

regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.

IDA

BP

GO:0019049

evasion or tolerance of host defenses by virus

Any process, either active or passive, by which a virus avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense(s). Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the virus or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.

IDA

BP

GO:0021915

neural tube development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium.

ISS

BP

GO:0022408

negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.

IDA

BP

GO:0030214

hyaluronan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.

IDA

BP

GO:0030279

negative regulation of ossification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation.

IEA

BP

GO:0030308

negative regulation of cell growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.

IDA

BP

GO:0030334

regulation of cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

TAS

BP

GO:0030335

positive regulation of cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

IDA|IMP

BP

GO:0030501

positive regulation of bone mineralization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.

IEP

BP

GO:0030512

negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.

TAS

BP

GO:0031065

positive regulation of histone deacetylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones.

IEA

BP

GO:0031334

positive regulation of protein complex assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.

IDA

BP

GO:0031536

positive regulation of exit from mitosis

Any process that activates or increases the rate of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).

IEA

BP

GO:0031663

lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.

IDA

BP

GO:0032270

positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell.

IDA

BP

GO:0032355

response to estradiol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.

IDA

BP

GO:0032570

response to progesterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus.

IDA

BP

GO:0032667

regulation of interleukin-23 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.

IEA

BP

GO:0032700

negative regulation of interleukin-17 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.

IEA

BP

GO:0032740

positive regulation of interleukin-17 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.

IDA

BP

GO:0032801

receptor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.

IDA

BP

GO:0032930

positive regulation of superoxide anion generation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell.

IDA

BP

GO:0032943

mononuclear cell proliferation

The expansion of a mononuclear cell population by cell division. A mononuclear cell is a leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form.

IEA

BP

GO:0032967

positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.

IDA|IGI|IMP

BP

GO:0033138

positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.

IDA

BP

GO:0033280

response to vitamin D

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0034616

response to laminar fluid shear stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers. As an example, laminar shear stress can be seen where blood flows against the luminal side of blood vessel walls.

IEA

BP

GO:0035066

positive regulation of histone acetylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein.

IEA

BP

GO:0035307

positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.

IDA

BP

GO:0035902

response to immobilization stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.

IEA

BP

GO:0042130

negative regulation of T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.

IEA

BP

GO:0042306

regulation of protein import into nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.

ISS

BP

GO:0042307

positive regulation of protein import into nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.

IDA

BP

GO:0042482

positive regulation of odontogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.

IEA

BP

GO:0042493

response to drug

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.

IEA

BP

GO:0042552

myelination

The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.

IEA

BP

GO:0042981

regulation of apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process.

IBA

BP

GO:0043011

myeloid dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin.

IEA

BP

GO:0043029

T cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0043065

positive regulation of apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

IEA

BP

GO:0043117

positive regulation of vascular permeability

Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.

IDA

BP

GO:0043406

positive regulation of MAP kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.

IDA

BP

GO:0043491

protein kinase B signaling

A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.

IMP

BP

GO:0043536

positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.

IDA

BP

GO:0043537

negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.

IDA

BP

GO:0043552

positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.

IDA

BP

GO:0043932

ossification involved in bone remodeling

The formation or growth of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in response to injury or other physical, physiological or environmental stress stimuli.

IEP

BP

GO:0045066

regulatory T cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.

IEA

BP

GO:0045216

cell-cell junction organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells.

IDA

BP

GO:0045591

positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.

IEA

BP

GO:0045596

negative regulation of cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.

IEP

BP

GO:0045599

negative regulation of fat cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.

IDA

BP

GO:0045662

negative regulation of myoblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.

IDA

BP

GO:0045786

negative regulation of cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.

IDA

BP

GO:0045892

negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

IDA

BP

GO:0045893

positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

IDA|ISS

BP

GO:0045930

negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.

IDA

BP

GO:0045944

positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

IDA

BP

GO:0046732

active induction of host immune response by virus

The intentional, virally-encoded stimulation of a host defense response to viral infection.

TAS

BP

GO:0048146

positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.

IEA

BP

GO:0048298

positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.

IDA

BP

GO:0048535

lymph node development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lymph nodes over time, from their formation to the mature structure. A lymph node is a round, oval, or bean shaped structure localized in clusters along the lymphatic vessels, with a distinct internal structure including specialized vasculature and B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.

ISS

BP

GO:0048565

digestive tract development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.

IEA

BP

GO:0048642

negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development.

IDA

BP

GO:0048839

inner ear development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

IEA

BP

GO:0050679

positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.

IEA

BP

GO:0050680

negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.

IDA|IMP

BP

GO:0050714

positive regulation of protein secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.

IDA

BP

GO:0050731

positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.

IDA

BP

GO:0050765

negative regulation of phagocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.

IEA

BP

GO:0050921

positive regulation of chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.

IDA

BP

GO:0051092

positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.

IEA

BP

GO:0051098

regulation of binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.

ISS

BP

GO:0051101

regulation of DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

ISS

BP

GO:0051152

positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.

IEA

BP

GO:0051280

negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.

IEA

BP

GO:0051781

positive regulation of cell division

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.

IEA

BP

GO:0051897

positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.

IDA

BP

GO:0055010

ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized.

ISS

BP

GO:0060312

regulation of blood vessel remodeling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.

IC|NAS

BP

GO:0060325

face morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the face are generated and organized. The face is the ventral division of the head.

IEA

BP

GO:0060364

frontal suture morphogenesis

The process in which the frontal suture is generated and organized.

IEA

BP

GO:0060389

pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a pathway restricted SMAD protein. A pathway restricted SMAD protein is an effector protein that acts directly downstream of the transforming growth factor family receptor.

IDA

BP

GO:0060390

regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein import into the nucleus, i.e. the directed movement of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.

IDA

BP

GO:0060391

positive regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein import into the nucleus, i.e. the directed movement of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.

IDA

BP

GO:0060395

SMAD protein signal transduction

The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the activity of a SMAD protein, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell.

IBA

BP

GO:0060744

mammary gland branching involved in thelarche

The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized during the period of sexual maturity in mammals. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.

IEA

BP

GO:0060751

branch elongation involved in mammary gland duct branching

The developmental growth process in which a branch of a mammary gland duct elongates.

IEA

BP

GO:0060762

regulation of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis.

IEA

BP

GO:0060965

negative regulation of gene silencing by miRNA

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate gene expression by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: mRNA cleavage or translational repression.

IGI

BP

GO:0061035

regulation of cartilage development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.

IEA

BP

GO:0070306

lens fiber cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lens fiber cell, any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in the camera-type eye. The cytoplasm of a lens fiber cell is devoid of most intracellular organelles including the cell nucleus, and contains primarily crystallins, a group of water-soluble proteins expressed in vary large quantities.

IEA

BP

GO:0070723

response to cholesterol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.

IDA

BP

GO:0071158

positive regulation of cell cycle arrest

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cell cycle arrest, the process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases.

IEA

BP

GO:0071260

cellular response to mechanical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0071407

cellular response to organic cyclic compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.

IDA

BP

GO:0071479

cellular response to ionizing radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.

IEA

BP

GO:0071549

cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0071560

cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.

IDA|IGI

BP

GO:0071677

positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.

IEA

BP

GO:0085029

extracellular matrix assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the extracellular matrix.

IDA

BP

GO:0090190

positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.

IEA

BP

GO:0097191

extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.

IDA

BP

GO:0097421

liver regeneration

The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver.

IEA

BP

GO:1900126

negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process.

IDA

BP

GO:1901203

positive regulation of extracellular matrix assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly.

IC

BP

GO:1901666

positive regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.

IDA

BP

GO:1902895

positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter.

IDA

BP

GO:1903077

negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane.

IDA

BP

GO:1903799

negative regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA.

IGI

BP

GO:1903911

positive regulation of receptor clustering

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor clustering.

IEA

BP

GO:1905313

transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development

Any transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway that is involved in heart development.

ISS

BP

GO:1990314

cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:1990402

embryonic liver development

The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

ISS

BP

GO:2000249

regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization.

IEA

BP

GO:2000679

positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.

IDA

BP

GO:2000727

positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.

IDA

CC

GO:0005576

extracellular region

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

TAS

CC

GO:0005578

proteinaceous extracellular matrix

A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.

ISS

CC

GO:0005615

extracellular space

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

IDA

CC

GO:0005634

nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

IDA

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IDA

CC

GO:0005796

Golgi lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of any cisterna or subcompartment of the Golgi apparatus, including the cis- and trans-Golgi networks.

TAS

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

TAS

CC

GO:0005902

microvillus

Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells.

IDA

CC

GO:0009986

cell surface

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

IMP

CC

GO:0030424

axon

The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.

IEA

CC

GO:0031012

extracellular matrix

A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues.

IDA

CC

GO:0031093

platelet alpha granule lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule.

TAS

CC

GO:0043025

neuronal cell body

The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.

IEA

CC

GO:0072562

blood microparticle

A phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell. Microparticles are heterogeneous in size, and are characterized as microvesicles free of nucleic acids.

IDA

MF

GO:0001948

glycoprotein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (monosaccharide) residues. These also include proteoglycans.

IPI

MF

GO:0003823

antigen binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an antigen, any substance which is capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, the specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Binding may counteract the biological activity of the antigen.

IPI

MF

GO:0005114

type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type II transforming growth factor beta receptor.

IDA|IMP|IPI

MF

GO:0005125

cytokine activity

Functions to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.

TAS

MF

GO:0005160

transforming growth factor beta receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the transforming growth factor beta receptor.

TAS

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0008083

growth factor activity

The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.

IEA

MF

GO:0019899

enzyme binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.

IPI

MF

GO:0034713

type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type I transforming growth factor beta receptor.

IMP|IPI

MF

GO:0034714

type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type III transforming growth factor beta receptor.

IMP|IPI

MF

GO:0042803

protein homodimerization activity

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.

IEA

MF

GO:0043539

protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase.

IEA

MF

GO:0046982

protein heterodimerization activity

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.

IEA

MF

GO:0047485

protein N-terminus binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein N-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 2-amino (or 2-imino) function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.

IEA