BP

GO:0005513

detection of calcium ion

The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.

TAS

BP

GO:0006906

vesicle fusion

Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane.

IBA

BP

GO:0007268

chemical synaptic transmission

The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a neuron, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.

TAS

BP

GO:0007269

neurotransmitter secretion

The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium regualated exocytosis during synaptic transmission.

TAS

BP

GO:0007420

brain development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).

IEA

BP

GO:0014047

glutamate secretion

The controlled release of glutamate by a cell. The glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system.

TAS

BP

GO:0017157

regulation of exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.

TAS

BP

GO:0017158

regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.

IBA

BP

GO:0031340

positive regulation of vesicle fusion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.

IEA

BP

GO:0045956

positive regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.

IEA

BP

GO:0048278

vesicle docking

The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere.

IEA

BP

GO:0048488

synaptic vesicle endocytosis

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of presynaptic membrane that recycles synaptic vesicle membrane and its components following synaptic vesicle exocytosis. This process starts with coating of the membrane with adaptor proteins and clathrin prior to invagination and ends when uncoating has finished.

IBA

BP

GO:0048791

calcium ion-regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitter

The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, where the release step is dependent on a rise in cytosolic calcium ion levels.

IBA

BP

GO:0050806

positive regulation of synaptic transmission

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.

ISS

BP

GO:0051260

protein homooligomerization

The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.

TAS

BP

GO:0051966

regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.

ISS

BP

GO:0071277

cellular response to calcium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.

ISS

BP

GO:0098746

fast, calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter

The fast, initial phase of calcium ion-induced neurotransmitter release, via exocytosis, into the synaptic cleft. This depends on low affinity calcium sensors and typically begins a fraction of a millisecond after Ca2+ influx, and decays rapidly (1-10ms) with a decay constant of around 5-10ms. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are distinct from those of the later, slow phase of release.

ISS

BP

GO:1903305

regulation of regulated secretory pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway.

ISS

BP

GO:1903861

positive regulation of dendrite extension

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite extension.

IDA

CC

GO:0005794

Golgi apparatus

A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.

IEA

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

IBA|TAS

CC

GO:0008021

synaptic vesicle

A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.

TAS

CC

GO:0016021

integral component of membrane

The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

IEA

CC

GO:0030054

cell junction

A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.

IEA

CC

GO:0030672

synaptic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.

IBA|TAS

CC

GO:0031045

dense core granule

Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix; contains proteins destined to be secreted.

IEA

CC

GO:0031201

SNARE complex

A protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. One well-characterized example is the neuronal SNARE complex formed of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25.

IEA

CC

GO:0042584

chromaffin granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a chromaffin granule, a specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

IEA

CC

GO:0042734

presynaptic membrane

A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.

IEA

CC

GO:0043005

neuron projection

A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.

ISS

CC

GO:0043195

terminal bouton

Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.

IEA

CC

GO:0060076

excitatory synapse

A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.

IEA

CC

GO:0060201

clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle.

TAS

CC

GO:0060203

clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle.

TAS

CC

GO:0061202

clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle.

TAS

CC

GO:0070083

clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle.

TAS

MF

GO:0000149

SNARE binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attached protein receptor) protein.

ISS

MF

GO:0001786

phosphatidylserine binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylserine, a class of glycophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.

IEA

MF

GO:0005509

calcium ion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+).

IBA

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0005516

calmodulin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states.

IEA

MF

GO:0005544

calcium-dependent phospholipid binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phospholipids, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester, in the presence of calcium.

ISS|TAS

MF

GO:0005545

1-phosphatidylinositol binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.

TAS

MF

GO:0005546

phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' and 5' positions.

IBA

MF

GO:0008022

protein C-terminus binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.

IEA

MF

GO:0017075

syntaxin-1 binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the SNAP receptor syntaxin-1.

ISS|TAS

MF

GO:0030276

clathrin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a clathrin heavy or light chain, the main components of the coat of coated vesicles and coated pits, and which also occurs in synaptic vesicles.

IBA

MF

GO:0042802

identical protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.

IEA

MF

GO:0048306

calcium-dependent protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules), in the presence of calcium.

IEA

MF

GO:0050750

low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a low-density lipoprotein receptor.

IDA