BP

GO:0001707

mesoderm formation

The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.

ISS

BP

GO:0001893

maternal placenta development

Maternally driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.

IEA

BP

GO:0001935

endothelial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.

IMP

BP

GO:0001938

positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.

IMP

BP

GO:0001946

lymphangiogenesis

Lymph vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing vessels.

ISS

BP

GO:0001974

blood vessel remodeling

The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.

ISS

BP

GO:0002063

chondrocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.

IMP

BP

GO:0003085

negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The process that reduces the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system.

IMP

BP

GO:0003148

outflow tract septum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.

ISS

BP

GO:0003151

outflow tract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.

ISS

BP

GO:0003183

mitral valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the mitral valve is generated and organized.

ISS

BP

GO:0003186

tricuspid valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the tricuspid valve is generated and organized.

ISS

BP

GO:0003197

endocardial cushion development

The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.

ISS

BP

GO:0003252

negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.

ISS

BP

GO:0006366

transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).

IMP

BP

GO:0007178

transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IDA

BP

GO:0007420

brain development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).

IEA

BP

GO:0009267

cellular response to starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.

IEP

BP

GO:0009952

anterior/posterior pattern specification

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.

ISS

BP

GO:0010595

positive regulation of endothelial cell migration

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.

IMP

BP

GO:0010634

positive regulation of epithelial cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.

IDA

BP

GO:0010862

positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.

IMP

BP

GO:0014916

regulation of lung blood pressure

The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the lungs. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.

IMP|ISS

BP

GO:0023014

signal transduction by protein phosphorylation

A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate transmits a signal to the phosphorylated substrate.

IEA

BP

GO:0030166

proteoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.

ISS

BP

GO:0030308

negative regulation of cell growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.

IDA

BP

GO:0030501

positive regulation of bone mineralization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.

IMP

BP

GO:0030509

BMP signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IDA|IMP|ISS|TAS

BP

GO:0030513

positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity.

IMP

BP

GO:0032924

activin receptor signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IEA

BP

GO:0042127

regulation of cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.

IMP

BP

GO:0045669

positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.

IMP

BP

GO:0045778

positive regulation of ossification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation.

ISS

BP

GO:0045906

negative regulation of vasoconstriction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.

ISS

BP

GO:0045944

positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

IMP|ISS

BP

GO:0048010

vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

ISS

BP

GO:0048286

lung alveolus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways.

ISS

BP

GO:0048842

positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.

IEA

BP

GO:0060173

limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. Examples include legs, arms or some types of fin.

IEA

BP

GO:0060350

endochondral bone morphogenesis

The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone.

ISS

BP

GO:0060412

ventricular septum morphogenesis

The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another.

ISS

BP

GO:0060413

atrial septum morphogenesis

The developmental process in which atrial septum is generated and organized. The atrial septum separates the upper chambers (the atria) of the heart from one another.

ISS

BP

GO:0060836

lymphatic endothelial cell differentiation

The process in which a venous blood vessel endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a lymphatic vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of lymph vessels.

ISS

BP

GO:0060840

artery development

The progression of the artery over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to a capillary bed.

ISS

BP

GO:0060841

venous blood vessel development

The progression of the venous blood vessel over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. Venous blood vessels carry blood back to the heart after the capillary bed.

ISS

BP

GO:0061036

positive regulation of cartilage development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.

ISS

BP

GO:0061298

retina vasculature development in camera-type eye

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

ISS

BP

GO:0061626

pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pharyngeal arch artery is generated and organized. The pharyngeal arch arteries are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures, the development of which give rise to several major arteries, such as the stapedial artery, the middle meningeal artery, the internal carotid artery and the pulmonary artery.

ISS

BP

GO:0071773

cellular response to BMP stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.

IMP

BP

GO:0072577

endothelial cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.

IMP

BP

GO:1902731

negative regulation of chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.

IMP

BP

GO:1905314

semi-lunar valve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a semi-lunar valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

ISS

BP

GO:2000279

negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.

IMP

CC

GO:0005615

extracellular space

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

IDA

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IEA

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

IDA|TAS

CC

GO:0005887

integral component of plasma membrane

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

IDA

CC

GO:0005901

caveola

A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm.

IMP

CC

GO:0005911

cell-cell junction

A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.

IDA

CC

GO:0009925

basal plasma membrane

The region of the plasma membrane located at the basal end of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.

IEA

CC

GO:0009986

cell surface

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

IEA

CC

GO:0016324

apical plasma membrane

The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.

IEA

CC

GO:0030425

dendrite

A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.

IEA

CC

GO:0043025

neuronal cell body

The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.

IEA

CC

GO:0044214

spanning component of plasma membrane

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that have some part that spans both leaflets of the membrane.

TAS

MF

GO:0004702

receptor signaling protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.

IEA

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0005524

ATP binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.

IEA

MF

GO:0016362

activin receptor activity, type II

Combining with activin to initiate a change in cell activity; upon ligand binding, binds to and catalyses the phosphorylation of a type I activin receptor.

TAS

MF

GO:0019838

growth factor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any growth factor, proteins or polypeptides that stimulate a cell or organism to grow or proliferate.

IEA

MF

GO:0036122

BMP binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family.

IPI

MF

GO:0046872

metal ion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.

IEA

MF

GO:0098821

BMP receptor activity

Combining with a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, and transmitting a signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.

ISS