BP

GO:0000165

MAPK cascade

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.

TAS

BP

GO:0000281

mitotic cytokinesis

A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.

IMP

BP

GO:0006888

ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport

The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.

TAS

BP

GO:0007009

plasma membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane.

IMP

BP

GO:0007010

cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.

IEA

BP

GO:0007182

common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a common-partner SMAD protein. A common partner SMAD protein binds to pathway-restricted SMAD proteins forming a complex that translocates to the nucleus.

IEA

BP

GO:0007184

SMAD protein import into nucleus

The directed movement of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.

IEA

BP

GO:0007411

axon guidance

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

TAS

BP

GO:0043001

Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane.

IMP

BP

GO:0043547

positive regulation of GTPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.

IEA

BP

GO:0051693

actin filament capping

The binding of a protein or protein complex to the end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.

IEA

BP

GO:0071709

membrane assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane.

IMP

BP

GO:0072661

protein targeting to plasma membrane

The process of directing proteins towards the plasma membrane; usually uses signals contained within the protein.

IMP

BP

GO:0098609

cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.

IEA

BP

GO:1900042

positive regulation of interleukin-2 secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2 secretion.

IMP

BP

GO:1903076

regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane.

IGI

BP

GO:1903078

positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane.

IMP

CC

GO:0005730

nucleolus

A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.

IDA

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IDA

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

TAS

CC

GO:0005913

cell-cell adherens junction

An adherens junction which connects a cell to another cell.

IDA

CC

GO:0008091

spectrin

Membrane associated dimeric protein (240 and 220 kDa) of erythrocytes. Forms a complex with ankyrin, actin and probably other components of the membrane cytoskeleton, so that there is a mesh of proteins underlying the plasma membrane, potentially restricting the lateral mobility of integral proteins.

IEA

CC

GO:0014731

spectrin-associated cytoskeleton

The part of the cytoskeleton composed of spectrin, protein 4.1 and ankyrin. Spectrin-associated cytoskeleton is associated with the plasma membrane.

NAS

CC

GO:0030673

axolemma

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding an axon; it is a specialized trilaminar random mosaic of protein molecules floating within a fluid matrix of highly mobile phospholipid molecules, 7-8 nm in thickness.

ISS

CC

GO:0031430

M band

The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link thick filaments. Depending on muscle type the M band consists of different numbers of M lines.

IEA

CC

GO:0032437

cuticular plate

A dense network of actin filaments found beneath the apical cell surface of hair cells, and into which stereocilia are inserted.

IEA

CC

GO:0043234

protein complex

A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.

IEA

CC

GO:0070062

extracellular exosome

A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

IDA

MF

GO:0003779

actin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.

IEA

MF

GO:0005088

Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ras superfamily. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.

TAS

MF

GO:0005200

structural constituent of cytoskeleton

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cytoskeletal structure.

IMP

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0005516

calmodulin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states.

IEA

MF

GO:0005543

phospholipid binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phospholipids, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.

IEA

MF

GO:0030506

ankyrin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ankyrin, a 200 kDa cytoskeletal protein that attaches other cytoskeletal proteins to integral membrane proteins.

IPI|NAS

MF

GO:0032403

protein complex binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IEA

MF

GO:0044822

poly(A) RNA binding

Interacting non-covalently with a poly(A) RNA, a RNA molecule which has a tail of adenine bases.

IDA

MF

GO:0051020

GTPase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a GTPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP.

IPI

MF

GO:0098641

cadherin binding involved in cell-cell adhesion

Any cadherin binding that occurs as part of the process of cell-cell adhesion.

IDA