BP

GO:0001816

cytokine production

The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.

TAS

BP

GO:0002523

leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response

The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body contributing to an inflammatory response.

IDA

BP

GO:0002526

acute inflammatory response

Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response.

IEA

BP

GO:0002544

chronic inflammatory response

Inflammation of prolonged duration (weeks or months) in which active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair are proceeding simultaneously. Although it may follow acute inflammation, chronic inflammation frequently begins insidiously, as a low-grade, smoldering, often asymptomatic response.

IEA

BP

GO:0002793

positive regulation of peptide secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.

IEA

BP

GO:0006914

autophagy

The process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation.

IDA

BP

GO:0006915

apoptotic process

A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.

IEA

BP

GO:0006919

activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process.

IDA

BP

GO:0006954

inflammatory response

The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.

TAS

BP

GO:0010043

response to zinc ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0014002

astrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.

IEA

BP

GO:0018119

peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation

The covalent addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to the sulphur (S) atom of a cysteine residue in a protein, to form peptidyl-S-nitrosyl-L-cysteine.

IMP

BP

GO:0030307

positive regulation of cell growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.

TAS

BP

GO:0030593

neutrophil chemotaxis

The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.

IDA

BP

GO:0032119

sequestering of zinc ion

The process of binding or confining zinc ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.

TAS

BP

GO:0032496

response to lipopolysaccharide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.

IEA

BP

GO:0032602

chemokine production

The appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.

TAS

BP

GO:0042060

wound healing

The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.

IEA

BP

GO:0042742

defense response to bacterium

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.

TAS

BP

GO:0045087

innate immune response

Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.

IEA

BP

GO:0045471

response to ethanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0050729

positive regulation of inflammatory response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.

IDA

BP

GO:0050832

defense response to fungus

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a fungus that act to protect the cell or organism.

TAS

BP

GO:0051092

positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.

TAS

BP

GO:0051493

regulation of cytoskeleton organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.

TAS

BP

GO:0070488

neutrophil aggregation

The adhesion of one neutrophil to one or more other neutrophils via adhesion molecules.

IDA

BP

GO:2001244

positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.

IDA

CC

GO:0005576

extracellular region

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

TAS

CC

GO:0005615

extracellular space

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

IDA

CC

GO:0005634

nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

IDA

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

TAS

CC

GO:0005856

cytoskeleton

Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.

TAS

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

TAS

CC

GO:0070062

extracellular exosome

A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

IDA

MF

GO:0005509

calcium ion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+).

TAS

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0008017

microtubule binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with microtubules, filaments composed of tubulin monomers.

TAS

MF

GO:0008270

zinc ion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions.

TAS

MF

GO:0035662

Toll-like receptor 4 binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Toll-like 4 protein, a pattern recognition receptor that binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.

TAS

MF

GO:0050544

arachidonic acid binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.

TAS

MF

GO:0050786

RAGE receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the RAGE receptor, the receptor for advanced glycation end-products.

TAS