BP

GO:0001934

positive regulation of protein phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.

IMP

BP

GO:0002093

auditory receptor cell morphogenesis

Any process that alters the size or shape of an auditory receptor cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0002551

mast cell chemotaxis

The movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0003382

epithelial cell morphogenesis

The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.

IEA

BP

GO:0006928

movement of cell or subcellular component

The directed, self-propelled movement of a cell or subcellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore.

TAS

BP

GO:0006954

inflammatory response

The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.

TAS

BP

GO:0006972

hyperosmotic response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0007155

cell adhesion

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.

TAS

BP

GO:0007160

cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.

NAS

BP

GO:0007186

G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576).

IEA

BP

GO:0007264

small GTPase mediated signal transduction

Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals.

IEA

BP

GO:0007411

axon guidance

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.

IEA

BP

GO:0007596

blood coagulation

The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers.

TAS

BP

GO:0008283

cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.

IEA

BP

GO:0008361

regulation of cell size

Any process that modulates the size of a cell.

IGI|IMP

BP

GO:0009611

response to wounding

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.

TAS

BP

GO:0009653

anatomical structure morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.

TAS

BP

GO:0010310

regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.

TAS

BP

GO:0010592

positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.

IDA|IMP

BP

GO:0010762

regulation of fibroblast migration

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.

IEA

BP

GO:0010811

positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.

IGI

BP

GO:0014041

regulation of neuron maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a neuron. This process is independent of morphogenetic change.

IEA

BP

GO:0021799

cerebral cortex radially oriented cell migration

The migration of cells in the developing cerebral cortex in which cells move from the ventricular and/or subventricular zone toward the surface of the brain.

IEA

BP

GO:0021831

embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration

The directed movement of individual interneuron precursors during the embryonic development of the olfactory bulb.

IEA

BP

GO:0021894

cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron over time, from initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0030032

lamellipodium assembly

Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.

IMP

BP

GO:0030036

actin cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.

IGI

BP

GO:0030041

actin filament polymerization

Assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament.

TAS

BP

GO:0030168

platelet activation

A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.

TAS

BP

GO:0030334

regulation of cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

IMP

BP

GO:0030838

positive regulation of actin filament polymerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.

IEA

BP

GO:0031295

T cell costimulation

The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment T cell activation.

TAS

BP

GO:0031529

ruffle organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell.

IDA|TAS

BP

GO:0032707

negative regulation of interleukin-23 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.

IDA

BP

GO:0034446

substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading

The morphogenetic process that results in flattening of a cell as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate.

IMP

BP

GO:0035025

positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.

TAS

BP

GO:0035556

intracellular signal transduction

The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.

TAS

BP

GO:0038095

Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to an Fc-epsilon receptor on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.

TAS

BP

GO:0038096

Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

An Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.

TAS

BP

GO:0043065

positive regulation of apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

TAS

BP

GO:0043547

positive regulation of GTPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.

IEA

BP

GO:0043552

positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.

IEA

BP

GO:0043652

engulfment of apoptotic cell

The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.

IEA

BP

GO:0045216

cell-cell junction organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells.

IEA

BP

GO:0045453

bone resorption

The process in which specialized cells known as osteoclasts degrade the organic and inorganic portions of bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products.

IEA

BP

GO:0045740

positive regulation of DNA replication

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.

IEA

BP

GO:0048010

vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

TAS

BP

GO:0048013

ephrin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an ephrin receptor binding to an ephrin.

TAS

BP

GO:0048261

negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.

TAS

BP

GO:0048532

anatomical structure arrangement

The process that gives rise to the configuration of the constituent parts of an anatomical structure. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.

IEA

BP

GO:0048813

dendrite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0048870

cell motility

Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.

IDA

BP

GO:0048873

homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue.

IEA

BP

GO:0050690

regulation of defense response to virus by virus

Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the antiviral response of the host cell or organism.

TAS

BP

GO:0051056

regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.

TAS

BP

GO:0051496

positive regulation of stress fiber assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.

IDA

BP

GO:0051668

localization within membrane

Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane.

IMP

BP

GO:0051894

positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.

IDA

BP

GO:0051932

synaptic transmission, GABAergic

The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

IEA

BP

GO:0060071

Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity.

NAS|TAS

BP

GO:0060263

regulation of respiratory burst

Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.

IDA

BP

GO:0071260

cellular response to mechanical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0071526

semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.

ISS

BP

GO:0072659

protein localization to plasma membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.

IEA

BP

GO:0090023

positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.

IMP

BP

GO:0090103

cochlea morphogenesis

The process in which the cochlea is generated and organized.

IEA

BP

GO:0097178

ruffle assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork. The formation of ruffles (also called membrane ruffling) is thought to be controlled by a group of enzymes known as Rho GTPases, specifically RhoA, Rac1 and cdc42.

IEA

BP

GO:1900026

positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.

IDA

BP

GO:1904948

midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a midbrain dopaminergic neuron.

IEA

CC

GO:0000139

Golgi membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.

IEA

CC

GO:0001891

phagocytic cup

An invagination of the cell membrane formed by an actin dependent process during phagocytosis. Following internalization it is converted into a phagosome.

IEA

CC

GO:0005634

nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

IEA

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IDA

CC

GO:0005789

endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.

TAS

CC

GO:0005802

trans-Golgi network

The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located within the Golgi apparatus on the side distal to the endoplasmic reticulum, from which secretory vesicles emerge. The trans-Golgi network is important in the later stages of protein secretion where it is thought to play a key role in the sorting and targeting of secreted proteins to the correct destination.

IDA

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

ISS|TAS

CC

GO:0005884

actin filament

A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane.

IDA

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

TAS

CC

GO:0005925

focal adhesion

Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.

IDA

CC

GO:0016020

membrane

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

ISS

CC

GO:0019897

extrinsic component of plasma membrane

The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.

IEA

CC

GO:0030027

lamellipodium

A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a migrating cell or extending cell process; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.

IDA

CC

GO:0031012

extracellular matrix

A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues.

IDA

CC

GO:0031901

early endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an early endosome.

IEA

CC

GO:0032587

ruffle membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a ruffle.

IEA

CC

GO:0036464

cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule

A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm.

IDA

CC

GO:0042470

melanosome

A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. Melanosomes are synthesized in melanocyte cells.

IEA

CC

GO:0070062

extracellular exosome

A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

IDA

MF

GO:0003924

GTPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate.

TAS

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0005525

GTP binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with GTP, guanosine triphosphate.

IDA|IMP

MF

GO:0017137

Rab GTPase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Rab protein, any member of the Rab subfamily of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases.

IEA

MF

GO:0019899

enzyme binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.

IPI

MF

GO:0019901

protein kinase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.

IEA

MF

GO:0030742

GTP-dependent protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules) using energy from the hydrolysis of GTP.

IEA

MF

GO:0031996

thioesterase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any thioesterase enzyme.

IPI

MF

GO:0042826

histone deacetylase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme histone deacetylase.

IEA

MF

GO:0051022

Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein.

ISS