BP

GO:0000077

DNA damage checkpoint

A cell cycle checkpoint that regulates progression through the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. A DNA damage checkpoint may blocks cell cycle progression (in G1, G2 or metaphase) or slow the rate at which S phase proceeds.

IEA

BP

GO:0000187

activation of MAPK activity

The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK).

IEA

BP

GO:0006641

triglyceride metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. The three fatty acid residues may all be the same or differ in any permutation. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins.

IEA

BP

GO:0007173

epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

TAS

BP

GO:0007229

integrin-mediated signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of extracellular ligand to an integrin on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IEA

BP

GO:0007409

axonogenesis

De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon.

IEA

BP

GO:0007420

brain development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).

IMP

BP

GO:0007507

heart development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.

IMP

BP

GO:0008543

fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.

TAS

BP

GO:0009755

hormone-mediated signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone.

IEA

BP

GO:0014066

regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.

TAS

BP

GO:0021697

cerebellar cortex formation

The process that gives rise to the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.

IEA

BP

GO:0030168

platelet activation

A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.

TAS

BP

GO:0030220

platelet formation

The process in which platelets bud from long processes extended by megakaryocytes.

IEA

BP

GO:0031295

T cell costimulation

The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment T cell activation.

TAS

BP

GO:0032528

microvillus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0033277

abortive mitotic cell cycle

A cell cycle in which mitosis is begun and progresses normally through the end of anaphase, but not completed, resulting in a cell with increased ploidy.

IEA

BP

GO:0033628

regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.

IMP

BP

GO:0033629

negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.

IEA

BP

GO:0035264

multicellular organism growth

The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth.

IEA

BP

GO:0035265

organ growth

The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function.

IEA

BP

GO:0035335

peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation

The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-tyrosine to form peptidyl-tyrosine.

IDA|IMP

BP

GO:0035855

megakaryocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow.

IEA

BP

GO:0036092

phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, a phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 3-position.

IEA

BP

GO:0036302

atrioventricular canal development

The progression of the atrioventricular canal over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The atrioventricular canal is the part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle.

IMP

BP

GO:0038127

ERBB signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IDA

BP

GO:0040014

regulation of multicellular organism growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size.

IEA

BP

GO:0042445

hormone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.

IEA

BP

GO:0042593

glucose homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0043254

regulation of protein complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.

IDA

BP

GO:0045931

positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.

IEA

BP

GO:0046676

negative regulation of insulin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.

IEA

BP

GO:0046825

regulation of protein export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

IEA

BP

GO:0046854

phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation

The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a phosphatidylinositol, any glycerophosphoinositol having one phosphatidyl group esterified to one of the hydroxy groups of inositol.

IEA

BP

GO:0046887

positive regulation of hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0048008

platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.

IEA

BP

GO:0048011

neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a neurotrophin to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IEA

BP

GO:0048013

ephrin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an ephrin receptor binding to an ephrin.

IDA

BP

GO:0048015

phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling

A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives.

TAS

BP

GO:0048609

multicellular organismal reproductive process

The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs.

IEA

BP

GO:0048806

genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

IMP

BP

GO:0048839

inner ear development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

IMP

BP

GO:0048873

homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue.

IEA

BP

GO:0050900

leukocyte migration

The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.

TAS

BP

GO:0051463

negative regulation of cortisol secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0060020

Bergmann glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to Brgmann glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.

IEA

BP

GO:0060125

negative regulation of growth hormone secretion

Any process that decreases or stops the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0060325

face morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the face are generated and organized. The face is the ventral division of the head.

IMP

BP

GO:0060338

regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. A type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a type I interferon binding to a cell surface receptor.

TAS

BP

GO:0061582

intestinal epithelial cell migration

The orderly movement of an intestinal epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.

IEA

BP

GO:0070374

positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.

IEA

BP

GO:2001275

positive regulation of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus.

IDA

CC

GO:0005634

nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

IDA

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IDA

CC

GO:0005739

mitochondrion

A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.

IEA

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

TAS

CC

GO:0043234

protein complex

A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.

IEA

MF

GO:0004721

phosphoprotein phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphoprotein + H2O = a protein + phosphate. Together with protein kinases, these enzymes control the state of phosphorylation of cell proteins and thereby provide an important mechanism for regulating cellular activity.

IDA

MF

GO:0004725

protein tyrosine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.

IDA|TAS

MF

GO:0004726

non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine + phosphate.

IMP|TAS

MF

GO:0005070

SH3/SH2 adaptor activity

Interacting selectively and non-covalently and simultaneously with one or more signal transduction molecules, usually acting as a scaffold to bring these molecules into close proximity either using their own SH2/SH3 domains (e.g. Grb2) or those of their target molecules (e.g. SAM68).

IPI

MF

GO:0005158

insulin receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin receptor.

IPI

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0016303

1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).

TAS

MF

GO:0019904

protein domain specific binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific domain of a protein.

IEA

MF

GO:0030971

receptor tyrosine kinase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor that possesses protein tyrosine kinase activity.

IEA

MF

GO:0031748

D1 dopamine receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a D1 dopamine receptor.

IEA

MF

GO:0043274

phospholipase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any phospholipase, enzymes that catalyze of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.

IEA

MF

GO:0043560

insulin receptor substrate binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, adaptor proteins that bind to the transphosphorylated insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, are themselves phosphorylated and in turn recruit SH2 domain-containing signaling molecules to form a productive signaling complex.

IEA

MF

GO:0046934

phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).

TAS

MF

GO:0050839

cell adhesion molecule binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cell adhesion molecule.

IEA

MF

GO:0051428

peptide hormone receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor for peptide hormones.

IEA