BP

GO:0000122

negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

IDA|ISS

BP

GO:0001890

placenta development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.

ISS

BP

GO:0002674

negative regulation of acute inflammatory response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.

IEA

BP

GO:0006367

transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription.

TAS

BP

GO:0006629

lipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.

TAS

BP

GO:0006919

activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process.

IDA

BP

GO:0007165

signal transduction

The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.

IDA

BP

GO:0007186

G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576).

IEA

BP

GO:0007507

heart development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.

IEA

BP

GO:0007584

response to nutrient

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.

TAS

BP

GO:0008217

regulation of blood pressure

Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.

IMP

BP

GO:0009409

response to cold

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.

IEA

BP

GO:0009612

response to mechanical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0010742

macrophage derived foam cell differentiation

The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.

IDA

BP

GO:0010745

negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.

IC|IDA

BP

GO:0010871

negative regulation of receptor biosynthetic process

Any process that decreases the frequency or rate of receptor biosynthesis. Receptor biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.

IDA

BP

GO:0010887

negative regulation of cholesterol storage

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.

IDA

BP

GO:0010891

negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.

IDA

BP

GO:0015909

long-chain fatty acid transport

The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.

ISS

BP

GO:0019395

fatty acid oxidation

The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.

IEA

BP

GO:0030224

monocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte.

IDA

BP

GO:0030308

negative regulation of cell growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.

IEA

BP

GO:0030855

epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium.

ISS

BP

GO:0031000

response to caffeine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.

IEA

BP

GO:0031100

animal organ regeneration

The regrowth of a lost or destroyed animal organ.

IEA

BP

GO:0032526

response to retinoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.

IDA

BP

GO:0032869

cellular response to insulin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.

IMP

BP

GO:0032966

negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.

IEA

BP

GO:0033189

response to vitamin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0033993

response to lipid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.

ISS

BP

GO:0035357

peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to any of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (alpha, beta or gamma) in the nuclear membrane, and ending with the initiation or termination of the transcription of target genes.

IMP

BP

GO:0035902

response to immobilization stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.

IEA

BP

GO:0042493

response to drug

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.

IEA

BP

GO:0042593

glucose homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.

IMP

BP

GO:0042594

response to starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment.

IEA

BP

GO:0042752

regulation of circadian rhythm

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.

ISS

BP

GO:0042953

lipoprotein transport

The directed movement of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.

IDA

BP

GO:0043401

steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor.

IEA

BP

GO:0043627

response to estrogen

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.

IEA

BP

GO:0045087

innate immune response

Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.

TAS

BP

GO:0045165

cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.

ISS

BP

GO:0045600

positive regulation of fat cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.

ISS

BP

GO:0045713

low-density lipoprotein particle receptor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors, cell surface proteins that mediate the endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein particles by cells.

IDA

BP

GO:0045892

negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

ISS

BP

GO:0045893

positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

ISS

BP

GO:0045944

positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

IDA|IMP

BP

GO:0046321

positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.

IEA

BP

GO:0048469

cell maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell to attain its fully functional state.

IDA

BP

GO:0048511

rhythmic process

Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism.

IEA

BP

GO:0048662

negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.

IDA

BP

GO:0048714

positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.

IEA

BP

GO:0050872

white fat cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.

ISS|TAS

BP

GO:0051091

positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.

IDA

BP

GO:0051974

negative regulation of telomerase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme telomerase, which catalyzes of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).

IEA

BP

GO:0055088

lipid homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of lipid within an organism or cell.

TAS

BP

GO:0055098

response to low-density lipoprotein particle

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.

IDA

BP

GO:0060100

positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.

IEA

BP

GO:0060336

negative regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interferon-gamma binding to a cell surface receptor.

IMP

BP

GO:0060694

regulation of cholesterol transporter activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol transporter activity.

IC

BP

GO:0060850

regulation of transcription involved in cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a cell to a specific fate.

ISS

BP

GO:0071300

cellular response to retinoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0071306

cellular response to vitamin E

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0071380

cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0071455

cellular response to hyperoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension.

IEA

BP

GO:1901558

response to metformin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metformin stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:2000230

negative regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.

IEA

CC

GO:0005634

nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

IDA

CC

GO:0005654

nucleoplasm

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

TAS

CC

GO:0005794

Golgi apparatus

A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.

IDA

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

ISS

CC

GO:0043231

intracellular membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.

IDA

CC

GO:0048471

perinuclear region of cytoplasm

Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.

IEA

CC

GO:0090575

RNA polymerase II transcription factor complex

A transcription factor complex that acts at promoters of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II.

IDA

MF

GO:0001046

core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is part of a core promoter region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the basal transcription machinery. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.

ISS

MF

GO:0003677

DNA binding

Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

IDA|ISS

MF

GO:0003682

chromatin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.

ISS

MF

GO:0003700

transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.

IDA|ISS

MF

GO:0003707

steroid hormone receptor activity

Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function.

IEA

MF

GO:0004879

RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.

IDA

MF

GO:0004955

prostaglandin receptor activity

Combining with a prostaglandin (PG) to initiate a change in cell activity.

TAS

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0008134

transcription factor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.

IPI

MF

GO:0008144

drug binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a drug, any naturally occurring or synthetic substance, other than a nutrient, that, when administered or applied to an organism, affects the structure or functioning of the organism; in particular, any such substance used in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease.

IDA

MF

GO:0008270

zinc ion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions.

IEA

MF

GO:0019899

enzyme binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.

IPI

MF

GO:0019903

protein phosphatase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein phosphatase.

IEA

MF

GO:0030331

estrogen receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an estrogen receptor.

IEA

MF

GO:0030374

ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity

The function of a transcription cofactor that activates transcription in conjuction with a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor from a RNA polymerase II promoter; does not bind DNA itself.

IDA

MF

GO:0033613

activating transcription factor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an activating transcription factor, any protein whose activity is required to initiate or upregulate transcription.

IDA

MF

GO:0043565

sequence-specific DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.

IDA

MF

GO:0044212

transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates the transcription of a region of DNA, which may be a gene, cistron, or operon. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.

IDA|ISS

MF

GO:0046965

retinoid X receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a retinoid X receptor.

IDA

MF

GO:0050544

arachidonic acid binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.

ISS

MF

GO:0051393

alpha-actinin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with alpha-actinin, one of a family of proteins that cross-link F-actin as antiparallel homodimers. Alpha-actinin has a molecular mass of 93-103 KDa; at the N-terminus there are two calponin homology domains, at the C-terminus there are two EF-hands. These two domains are connected by the rod domain. This domain is formed by triple-helical spectrin repeats.

IPI