BP

GO:0000710

meiotic mismatch repair

A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules. Correction of the mismatch can result in non-Mendelian segregation of alleles following meiosis.

IBA

BP

GO:0001701

in utero embryonic development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.

IEA

BP

GO:0006119

oxidative phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis.

IEA

BP

GO:0006281

DNA repair

The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.

IDA

BP

GO:0006298

mismatch repair

A system for the correction of errors in which an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination.

IDA|IGI|TAS

BP

GO:0006301

postreplication repair

The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication. Includes pathways that remove replication-blocking lesions in conjunction with DNA replication.

IDA

BP

GO:0006302

double-strand break repair

The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.

IBA

BP

GO:0006311

meiotic gene conversion

The cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another. It often occurs in association with general genetic recombination events, and is believed to be a straightforward consequence of the mechanisms of general recombination and DNA repair. For example, meiosis might yield three copies of the maternal version of an allele and only one copy of the paternal allele, indicating that one of the two copies of the paternal allele has been changed to a copy of the maternal allele.

IBA

BP

GO:0007050

cell cycle arrest

A regulatory process that halts progression through the cell cycle during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M).

IEA

BP

GO:0007131

reciprocal meiotic recombination

The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate. This results in the equal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes. These reciprocal recombinant products ensure the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I and create genetic diversity.

IBA

BP

GO:0007281

germ cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism.

IEA

BP

GO:0008340

determination of adult lifespan

The control of viability and duration in the adult phase of the life-cycle.

IEA

BP

GO:0008584

male gonad development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

ISS

BP

GO:0010165

response to X-ray

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).

IBA|ISS

BP

GO:0010224

response to UV-B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.

IBA|ISS

BP

GO:0016446

somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes

Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins.

IBA

BP

GO:0016447

somatic recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments

The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, as known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus.

ISS

BP

GO:0019724

B cell mediated immunity

Any process involved with the carrying out of an immune response by a B cell, through, for instance, the production of antibodies or cytokines, or antigen presentation to T cells.

ISS

BP

GO:0030183

B cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity.

ISS

BP

GO:0031573

intra-S DNA damage checkpoint

A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that slows DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage by the prevention of new origin firing and the stabilization of slow replication fork progression.

IBA

BP

GO:0042771

intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator

A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.

IBA

BP

GO:0043524

negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.

ISS

BP

GO:0043570

maintenance of DNA repeat elements

Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA repeat elements.

IMP

BP

GO:0045128

negative regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.

IBA

BP

GO:0045190

isotype switching

The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.

IBA|ISS

BP

GO:0045910

negative regulation of DNA recombination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination.

IDA|ISS

BP

GO:0051096

positive regulation of helicase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a helicase.

IDA

CC

GO:0000784

nuclear chromosome, telomeric region

The terminal region of a linear nuclear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.

IDA

CC

GO:0005654

nucleoplasm

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

TAS

CC

GO:0016020

membrane

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

IDA

CC

GO:0032301

MutSalpha complex

A heterodimer involved in the recognition and repair of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH6.

IDA

CC

GO:0032302

MutSbeta complex

A heterodimer involved in binding to and correcting insertion/deletion mutations. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH3.

IDA

MF

GO:0000287

magnesium ion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with magnesium (Mg) ions.

IDA

MF

GO:0000400

four-way junction DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing four-way junctions, also known as Holliday junctions, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices.

IDA

MF

GO:0000403

Y-form DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with segment of DNA shaped like a Y. This shape occurs when DNA contains a region of paired double-stranded DNA on one end and a region of unpaired DNA strands on the opposite end.

IBA

MF

GO:0000404

heteroduplex DNA loop binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing a loop. A loop occurs when DNA contains a large insertion or deletion that causes a region of unpaired single-stranded DNA to loop out, while the rest of the DNA is in a paired double-stranded configuration.

IBA

MF

GO:0000406

double-strand/single-strand DNA junction binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a region of DNA that contains double-stranded DNA flanked by a region of single-stranded DNA.

IBA

MF

GO:0003677

DNA binding

Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

IDA

MF

GO:0003690

double-stranded DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA.

IDA

MF

GO:0003697

single-stranded DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with single-stranded DNA.

IDA

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0005524

ATP binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.

IDA

MF

GO:0008022

protein C-terminus binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.

IPI

MF

GO:0016887

ATPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + 2 H+. May or may not be coupled to another reaction.

IDA

MF

GO:0019237

centromeric DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a centromere, a region of chromosome where the spindle fibers attach during mitosis and meiosis.

IEA

MF

GO:0019899

enzyme binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.

IPI

MF

GO:0019901

protein kinase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.

IPI

MF

GO:0030983

mismatched DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing one or more mismatches.

IDA

MF

GO:0032137

guanine/thymine mispair binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a G/T mispair.

IDA|IMP

MF

GO:0032139

dinucleotide insertion or deletion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a dinucleotide insertion or deletion.

IDA

MF

GO:0032142

single guanine insertion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a single guanine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired guanine.

IDA

MF

GO:0032143

single thymine insertion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a single thymine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired thymine.

IDA

MF

GO:0032181

dinucleotide repeat insertion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA containing a dinucleotide repeat insertion or a deletion resulting in unpaired dinucleotide repeats.

IDA

MF

GO:0032357

oxidized purine DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with oxidized purine residues in DNA.

IDA

MF

GO:0032405

MutLalpha complex binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the mismatch repair complex MutLalpha.

IDA

MF

GO:0042803

protein homodimerization activity

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.

IDA

MF

GO:0043531

ADP binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.

IDA