BP

GO:0001701

in utero embryonic development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.

IEA

BP

GO:0003073

regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.

IEA

BP

GO:0003382

epithelial cell morphogenesis

The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.

IEA

BP

GO:0006351

transcription, DNA-templated

The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.

IDA

BP

GO:0006367

transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription.

TAS

BP

GO:0006810

transport

The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein.

TAS

BP

GO:0007165

signal transduction

The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.

TAS

BP

GO:0007267

cell-cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.

TAS

BP

GO:0007283

spermatogenesis

The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.

IEA

BP

GO:0007338

single fertilization

The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

IEA

BP

GO:0007548

sex differentiation

The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation.

NAS

BP

GO:0008283

cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.

NAS

BP

GO:0008284

positive regulation of cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

IDA

BP

GO:0008285

negative regulation of cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

IMP

BP

GO:0010628

positive regulation of gene expression

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

IMP

BP

GO:0016049

cell growth

The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.

NAS

BP

GO:0019102

male somatic sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a male organism's soma.

IEA

BP

GO:0030521

androgen receptor signaling pathway

Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an androgen binding to its receptor.

IDA

BP

GO:0030522

intracellular receptor signaling pathway

Any series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an receptor located within a cell.

IDA

BP

GO:0030850

prostate gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prostate gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid.

NAS

BP

GO:0033148

positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.

IEA

BP

GO:0033327

Leydig cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis.

IEA

BP

GO:0035264

multicellular organism growth

The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth.

IEA

BP

GO:0042327

positive regulation of phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.

IMP

BP

GO:0043410

positive regulation of MAPK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.

IEA

BP

GO:0043568

positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.

IEA

BP

GO:0045597

positive regulation of cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.

IMP

BP

GO:0045720

negative regulation of integrin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.

IDA

BP

GO:0045726

positive regulation of integrin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.

IDA

BP

GO:0045893

positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

IDA

BP

GO:0045944

positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

IDA|IMP

BP

GO:0045945

positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.

IDA

BP

GO:0048638

regulation of developmental growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.

IEA

BP

GO:0048645

animal organ formation

The process pertaining to the initial formation of an animal organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment. Organs are a natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole. The heart and lungs are organs of animals, and the petal and leaf are organs of plants. In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ.

IEA

BP

GO:0048808

male genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized.

IEA

BP

GO:0050680

negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.

IEA

BP

GO:0050790

regulation of catalytic activity

Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.

IEA

BP

GO:0051092

positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.

IMP

BP

GO:0051259

protein oligomerization

The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers; protein oligomers may be composed of different or identical monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.

IDA

BP

GO:0060520

activation of prostate induction by androgen receptor signaling pathway

Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an androgen binding to its receptor in the urogenital sinus mesenchyme that initiates prostate induction. Prostate induction is the close range interaction of the urogenital sinus mesenchyme and the urogenital sinus epithelium that causes the cells of the urogenital sinus epithelium to change their fates and specify the development of the prostate gland.

IEA

BP

GO:0060571

morphogenesis of an epithelial fold

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis.

IEA

BP

GO:0060599

lateral sprouting involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The process in which a branch forms along the side of a mammary duct.

IEA

BP

GO:0060736

prostate gland growth

The increase in size or mass of the prostate gland where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the gland, from its formation to its mature state.

IEA

BP

GO:0060740

prostate gland epithelium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia of the prostate gland are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.

IEA

BP

GO:0060742

epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell of the prostate gland.

IEA

BP

GO:0060748

tertiary branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The branching process in which the mammary gland ducts form tertiary branches off of the secondary branches as part of diestrus and pregnancy.

IEA

BP

GO:0060749

mammary gland alveolus development

The progression of the mammary gland alveolus over time, from its formation to its mature state. The mammary gland alveolus is a sac-like structure that is found in the mature gland.

IEA

BP

GO:0072520

seminiferous tubule development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seminiferous tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Seminiferous tubules are ducts located in the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa.

IEA

BP

GO:0090003

regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane.

IDA

BP

GO:2001237

negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.

IDA

CC

GO:0000790

nuclear chromatin

The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus.

IDA

CC

GO:0005634

nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

IDA

CC

GO:0005654

nucleoplasm

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

TAS

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IDA

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

TAS

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

IEA

CC

GO:0043234

protein complex

A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.

IDA

MF

GO:0000978

RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II.

IDA

MF

GO:0001077

transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.

IDA

MF

GO:0001085

RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.

IPI

MF

GO:0003677

DNA binding

Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

NAS

MF

GO:0003682

chromatin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.

IDA

MF

GO:0003700

transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.

IDA

MF

GO:0004879

RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.

IDA

MF

GO:0004882

androgen receptor activity

Combining with an androgen and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with an androgen response element in DNA in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.

IDA|IMP|NAS|TAS

MF

GO:0005102

receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.

IPI

MF

GO:0005496

steroid binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a steroid, any of a large group of substances that have in common a ring system based on 1,2-cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene.

IEA

MF

GO:0005497

androgen binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any androgen, male sex hormones.

IDA|NAS

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0008013

beta-catenin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the beta subunit of the catenin complex.

IDA|IPI|TAS

MF

GO:0008134

transcription factor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.

IPI

MF

GO:0008270

zinc ion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions.

IEA

MF

GO:0019899

enzyme binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.

IPI

MF

GO:0044212

transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates the transcription of a region of DNA, which may be a gene, cistron, or operon. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.

IDA

MF

GO:0046983

protein dimerization activity

The formation of a protein dimer, a macromolecular structure consists of two noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.

NAS

MF

GO:0051117

ATPase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ATPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP.

IDA

MF

GO:0070974

POU domain binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a POU domain of a protein. The POU domain is a bipartite DNA binding domain composed of two subunits separated by a non-conserved region of 15-55 amino acids; it is found in several eukaryotic transcription factors.

IEA