BP

GO:0000165

MAPK cascade

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.

IDA

BP

GO:0000186

activation of MAPKK activity

The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK).

IDA

BP

GO:0002931

response to ischemia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a inadequate blood supply.

IEA

BP

GO:0006468

protein phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.

IDA

BP

GO:0007254

JNK cascade

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a JNK (a MAPK), a JNKK (a MAPKK) and a JUN3K (a MAP3K). The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.

IDA

BP

GO:0007257

activation of JUN kinase activity

The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase (JNK).

TAS

BP

GO:0008631

intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress

A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.

IDA

BP

GO:0010666

positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that increases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.

IEA

BP

GO:0016032

viral process

A multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. The other participant is the host. Includes infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle.

IEA

BP

GO:0034976

response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stress acting at the endoplasmic reticulum. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.

IMP

BP

GO:0038066

p38MAPK cascade

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a p38 MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0042060

wound healing

The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.

IEA

BP

GO:0043065

positive regulation of apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

IDA

BP

GO:0043280

positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.

IDA

BP

GO:0043507

positive regulation of JUN kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.

IMP

BP

GO:0045087

innate immune response

Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.

IEA

BP

GO:0045663

positive regulation of myoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.

IEA

BP

GO:0046330

positive regulation of JNK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.

ISS

BP

GO:0070059

intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.

ISS

BP

GO:0070301

cellular response to hydrogen peroxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.

IDA

BP

GO:0071356

cellular response to tumor necrosis factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0072577

endothelial cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.

IEA

BP

GO:0097190

apoptotic signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.

TAS

BP

GO:0097300

programmed necrotic cell death

A necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.

IEA

BP

GO:1900745

positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.

IEA

BP

GO:1901216

positive regulation of neuron death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.

IGI|ISS

BP

GO:1902170

cellular response to reactive nitrogen species

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive nitrogen species stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:1904707

positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.

IEA

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

TAS

CC

GO:0009897

external side of plasma membrane

The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.

IEA

CC

GO:1902911

protein kinase complex

A protein complex which is capable of protein kinase activity.

IDA

CC

GO:1990604

IRE1-TRAF2-ASK1 complex

A protein complex of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane that consists of IRE1 (Inositol-requiring enzyme-1), TRAF2 (TNF receptor-associated factor 2) and ASK1 (Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, a MAP3K).

IDA

MF

GO:0000287

magnesium ion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with magnesium (Mg) ions.

IDA

MF

GO:0004672

protein kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.

IDA

MF

GO:0004674

protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.

TAS

MF

GO:0004709

MAP kinase kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase; each MAP kinase kinase can be phosphorylated by any of several MAP kinase kinase kinases.

IDA

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0005524

ATP binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.

IDA

MF

GO:0019901

protein kinase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.

IEA

MF

GO:0019903

protein phosphatase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein phosphatase.

IPI

MF

GO:0042803

protein homodimerization activity

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.

IDA