BP

GO:0002377

immunoglobulin production

The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.

IEA

BP

GO:0003014

renal system process

A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila).

IEA

BP

GO:0006461

protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex.

TAS

BP

GO:0006915

apoptotic process

A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.

IDA

BP

GO:0006919

activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process.

TAS

BP

GO:0006924

activation-induced cell death of T cells

A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen and is triggered by T cell receptor stimulation and signals transmitted via various surface-expressed members of the TNF receptor family such as Fas ligand, Fas, and TNF and the p55 and p75 TNF receptors.

IEA

BP

GO:0006925

inflammatory cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an inflammatory cell, any cell participating in the inflammatory response to a foreign substance e.g. neutrophil, macrophage.

IEA

BP

GO:0006954

inflammatory response

The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.

IBA

BP

GO:0006955

immune response

Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.

IBA

BP

GO:0007165

signal transduction

The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.

TAS

BP

GO:0007420

brain development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).

IBA

BP

GO:0007623

circadian rhythm

Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.

IEA

BP

GO:0008625

extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors

A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.

IBA

BP

GO:0009636

response to toxic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0010467

gene expression

The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

IEA

BP

GO:0019724

B cell mediated immunity

Any process involved with the carrying out of an immune response by a B cell, through, for instance, the production of antibodies or cytokines, or antigen presentation to T cells.

IEA

BP

GO:0032464

positive regulation of protein homooligomerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization.

IEA

BP

GO:0032496

response to lipopolysaccharide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.

IBA

BP

GO:0033209

tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a tumor necrosis factor to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IEA

BP

GO:0042127

regulation of cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.

IBA

BP

GO:0042981

regulation of apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process.

NAS|TAS

BP

GO:0043065

positive regulation of apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

IDA|IMP

BP

GO:0043066

negative regulation of apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

TAS

BP

GO:0043281

regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in apoptosis.

IBA

BP

GO:0043410

positive regulation of MAPK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.

IBA

BP

GO:0045060

negative thymic T cell selection

The process of elimination of immature T cells in the thymus which react strongly with self-antigens.

IEA

BP

GO:0045619

regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.

IEA

BP

GO:0045637

regulation of myeloid cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.

IEA

BP

GO:0048536

spleen development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions.

IEA

BP

GO:0050869

negative regulation of B cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.

IEA

BP

GO:0051260

protein homooligomerization

The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.

IEA

BP

GO:0051384

response to glucocorticoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.

IEA

BP

GO:0070230

positive regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.

IEA

BP

GO:0071260

cellular response to mechanical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.

IEP

BP

GO:0071285

cellular response to lithium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0071455

cellular response to hyperoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension.

IMP

BP

GO:0097049

motor neuron apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a motor neuron, an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.

IEA

BP

GO:0097190

apoptotic signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.

TAS

BP

GO:0097191

extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.

IMP

BP

GO:0097192

extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand

A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with withdrawal of a ligand from a cell surface receptor, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.

IEA

BP

GO:0097284

hepatocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a hepatocyte, the main structural component of the liver.

IEA

BP

GO:0097296

activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic signaling pathway.

TAS

BP

GO:0097527

necroptotic signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals which triggers the necroptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, is characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3), and ends when the execution phase of necroptosis is triggered.

IMP

BP

GO:1902041

regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.

TAS

BP

GO:1902042

negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.

TAS

BP

GO:2001241

positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.

IEA

CC

GO:0005634

nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

IBA|IDA

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IDA

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

NAS

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

IDA|IMP|TAS

CC

GO:0005887

integral component of plasma membrane

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

IBA

CC

GO:0009897

external side of plasma membrane

The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.

IEA

CC

GO:0009986

cell surface

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

IDA

CC

GO:0031264

death-inducing signaling complex

A protein complex formed by the association of signaling proteins with a death receptor upon ligand binding. The complex includes procaspases and death domain-containing proteins in addition to the ligand-bound receptor, and may control the activation of caspases 8 and 10.

IDA

CC

GO:0031265

CD95 death-inducing signaling complex

A protein complex formed upon binding of Fas/CD95/APO-1 to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1, procaspase-8/10 and c-FLIP in addition to the ligand-bound receptor.

IDA

CC

GO:0043005

neuron projection

A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.

IBA

CC

GO:0045121

membrane raft

Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.

IDA

CC

GO:0070062

extracellular exosome

A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

IDA

MF

GO:0004871

signal transducer activity

Conveys a signal across a cell to trigger a change in cell function or state. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response.

TAS

MF

GO:0004872

receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.

NAS

MF

GO:0005031

tumor necrosis factor-activated receptor activity

Combining with tumor necrosis factor, a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes and macrophages, to initiate a change in cell function.

IBA

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0019900

kinase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group.

IPI