BP

GO:0001657

ureteric bud development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

IEA

BP

GO:0001880

Mullerian duct regression

The process in which the Mullerian ducts, primordia of the oviducts, uterus and upper vagina, undergo regression in male embryos.

IEA

BP

GO:0002051

osteoblast fate commitment

The commitment of mesenchymal cells to the specific cell fate of an osteoblast. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.

IEA

BP

GO:0006351

transcription, DNA-templated

The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.

IEA

BP

GO:0006468

protein phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.

IEA

BP

GO:0007165

signal transduction

The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.

NAS

BP

GO:0007179

transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

NAS

BP

GO:0007281

germ cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism.

IEA

BP

GO:0009880

embryonic pattern specification

The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo.

ISS

BP

GO:0030218

erythrocyte differentiation

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte.

IEA

BP

GO:0030509

BMP signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

ISS|TAS

BP

GO:0045669

positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.

IEA

BP

GO:0045893

positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

NAS

BP

GO:0051216

cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.

IEA

BP

GO:0060048

cardiac muscle contraction

Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue.

IEA

BP

GO:0060348

bone development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components.

IEA

BP

GO:0060395

SMAD protein signal transduction

The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the activity of a SMAD protein, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell.

ISS|NAS

BP

GO:0071407

cellular response to organic cyclic compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:1901522

positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus

Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus.

ISS|TAS

CC

GO:0005622

intracellular

The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.

NAS

CC

GO:0005634

nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

ISS|NAS|TAS

CC

GO:0005654

nucleoplasm

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

IDA|TAS

CC

GO:0005667

transcription factor complex

A protein complex that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription.

IEA

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IDA|ISS

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

TAS

CC

GO:0016021

integral component of membrane

The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

NAS

CC

GO:0043234

protein complex

A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.

IDA

CC

GO:0071141

SMAD protein complex

A protein complex that consists of SMAD proteins; may be homomeric or heteromeric.

NAS

MF

GO:0000979

RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for transcription factors of the RNA polymerase II basal transcription machinery.

IEA

MF

GO:0003700

transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.

IEA

MF

GO:0005057

receptor signaling protein activity

Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer, converting the signal into a form where it can ultimately trigger a change in the state or activity of a cell.

NAS

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0030618

transforming growth factor beta receptor, pathway-specific cytoplasmic mediator activity

A TGF-beta cytoplasmic mediator that is phosphorylated by a TGFbeta receptor and complexes with a common-partner mediator. The- heterocomplex translocates to the nucleus to regulate transcription.

TAS

MF

GO:0031625

ubiquitin protein ligase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins.

IPI

MF

GO:0046872

metal ion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.

IEA