BP

GO:0000122

negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

TAS

BP

GO:0001657

ureteric bud development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

IEA

BP

GO:0001701

in utero embryonic development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.

IEA

BP

GO:0001706

endoderm formation

The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation.

IEA

BP

GO:0001707

mesoderm formation

The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.

ISS

BP

GO:0006366

transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).

IEA

BP

GO:0007179

transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IDA|IMP|TAS

BP

GO:0007182

common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a common-partner SMAD protein. A common partner SMAD protein binds to pathway-restricted SMAD proteins forming a complex that translocates to the nucleus.

IDA

BP

GO:0007183

SMAD protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins.

IDA

BP

GO:0007352

zygotic specification of dorsal/ventral axis

The specification of the dorsal/ventral axis of the embryo, through the products of genes expressed in the zygote.

IMP

BP

GO:0007369

gastrulation

A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.

TAS

BP

GO:0008285

negative regulation of cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

IEA

BP

GO:0009749

response to glucose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0009791

post-embryonic development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development.

IEA

BP

GO:0009952

anterior/posterior pattern specification

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.

ISS

BP

GO:0010718

positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.

ISS

BP

GO:0017015

regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.

IMP

BP

GO:0023019

signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another.

IEA

BP

GO:0030073

insulin secretion

The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules (B granules) in the B cells of the pancreas; accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin.

IEA

BP

GO:0030324

lung development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.

IEA

BP

GO:0030512

negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.

TAS

BP

GO:0030513

positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity.

IMP

BP

GO:0031016

pancreas development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes.

IEA

BP

GO:0031053

primary miRNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary microRNA transcript into a pre-microRNA molecule.

TAS

BP

GO:0032924

activin receptor signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IMP

BP

GO:0035019

somatic stem cell population maintenance

Any process by which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.

TAS

BP

GO:0035265

organ growth

The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function.

IEA

BP

GO:0035556

intracellular signal transduction

The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.

ISS

BP

GO:0038092

nodal signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a nodal protein to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IMP

BP

GO:0045165

cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.

ISS

BP

GO:0045892

negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

IMP

BP

GO:0045893

positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

IDA|IMP|ISS

BP

GO:0045944

positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

IDA|ISS|TAS

BP

GO:0048340

paraxial mesoderm morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the paraxial mesoderm are generated and organized.

ISS

BP

GO:0048617

embryonic foregut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.

IEA

BP

GO:0048701

embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase.

IEA

BP

GO:0051098

regulation of binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.

ISS

BP

GO:0060021

palate development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The palate is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities.

ISS

BP

GO:0060039

pericardium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pericardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the aorta, vena cava and the pulmonary artery.

IEA

BP

GO:0060395

SMAD protein signal transduction

The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the activity of a SMAD protein, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0070723

response to cholesterol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.

IDA

BP

GO:1900224

positive regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry.

IMP

CC

GO:0000790

nuclear chromatin

The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus.

IDA

CC

GO:0005634

nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

IDA

CC

GO:0005654

nucleoplasm

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

TAS

CC

GO:0005667

transcription factor complex

A protein complex that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription.

IDA

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IDA

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

TAS

CC

GO:0032444

activin responsive factor complex

A transcriptionally active complex that binds to an activin response element (ARE) in the promoter of target genes, and is composed of two SMAD2 proteins, one SMAD4 protein and a Forkhead activin signal transducer (FAST) transcription factor.

IDA

CC

GO:0071141

SMAD protein complex

A protein complex that consists of SMAD proteins; may be homomeric or heteromeric.

IDA

CC

GO:0071144

SMAD2-SMAD3 protein complex

A heteromeric SMAD protein complex that contains SMAD2 and SMAD3.

IDA

MF

GO:0000978

RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II.

IDA

MF

GO:0001077

transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.

IDA

MF

GO:0003677

DNA binding

Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

IDA

MF

GO:0003682

chromatin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.

IEA

MF

GO:0003690

double-stranded DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA.

ISS

MF

GO:0003700

transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.

IDA

MF

GO:0005160

transforming growth factor beta receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the transforming growth factor beta receptor.

IPI

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0008134

transcription factor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.

IPI

MF

GO:0019902

phosphatase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any phosphatase.

IPI

MF

GO:0030618

transforming growth factor beta receptor, pathway-specific cytoplasmic mediator activity

A TGF-beta cytoplasmic mediator that is phosphorylated by a TGFbeta receptor and complexes with a common-partner mediator. The- heterocomplex translocates to the nucleus to regulate transcription.

IDA

MF

GO:0031625

ubiquitin protein ligase binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins.

IPI

MF

GO:0033613

activating transcription factor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an activating transcription factor, any protein whose activity is required to initiate or upregulate transcription.

IPI

MF

GO:0034713

type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type I transforming growth factor beta receptor.

IPI

MF

GO:0035326

enhancer binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an enhancer, a transcription regulatory region that is somewhat distal from the core promoter and which enhances transcription from that promoter.

IC

MF

GO:0042803

protein homodimerization activity

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.

IEA

MF

GO:0046332

SMAD binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SMAD signaling protein.

IPI

MF

GO:0046872

metal ion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.

IEA

MF

GO:0046982

protein heterodimerization activity

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.

IEA

MF

GO:0070410

co-SMAD binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a common mediator SMAD signaling protein.

IPI

MF

GO:0070411

I-SMAD binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an inhibitory SMAD signaling protein.

IPI

MF

GO:0070412

R-SMAD binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor-regulated SMAD signaling protein.

IPI