BP

GO:0000122

negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.

IEA

BP

GO:0001525

angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.

IDA

BP

GO:0001542

ovulation from ovarian follicle

The process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte into the oviduct. An example of this is found in Mus musculus.

IEA

BP

GO:0001666

response to hypoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.

IEA

BP

GO:0001890

placenta development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.

IDA

BP

GO:0001936

regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.

IDA

BP

GO:0002021

response to dietary excess

The physiological process in which dietary excess is sensed by the central nervous system, resulting in a reduction in food intake and increased energy expenditure.

IEA

BP

GO:0003300

cardiac muscle hypertrophy

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division.

IEA

BP

GO:0006006

glucose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

IEA

BP

GO:0006111

regulation of gluconeogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.

IEA

BP

GO:0006112

energy reserve metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen.

IEA

BP

GO:0006114

glycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.

IEA

BP

GO:0006629

lipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.

IBA

BP

GO:0006635

fatty acid beta-oxidation

A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A; the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).

IEA

BP

GO:0006909

phagocytosis

An endocytosis process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles.

IEA

BP

GO:0007260

tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.

IBA

BP

GO:0007565

female pregnancy

The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.

IEA

BP

GO:0007623

circadian rhythm

Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.

IEA

BP

GO:0008203

cholesterol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues.

IEA

BP

GO:0008206

bile acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.

IEA

BP

GO:0008217

regulation of blood pressure

Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.

IEA

BP

GO:0008343

adult feeding behavior

Feeding behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.

ISS

BP

GO:0010507

negative regulation of autophagy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.

IDA

BP

GO:0010888

negative regulation of lipid storage

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.

IEA

BP

GO:0014068

positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.

IDA|ISS

BP

GO:0014823

response to activity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0019953

sexual reproduction

A reproduction process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms. It occurs both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: in multicellular eukaryotic organisms, an individual is created anew; in prokaryotes, the initial cell has additional or transformed genetic material. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) originating from two different individuals (parents) join up so that homologous sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by exchange of genetic information. After the new recombinant chromosome is formed, it is passed on to progeny.

IMP

BP

GO:0021954

central nervous system neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron.

IEA

BP

GO:0030073

insulin secretion

The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules (B granules) in the B cells of the pancreas; accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin.

IEA

BP

GO:0030217

T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.

ISS

BP

GO:0030300

regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of absorption of cholesterol into the blood, and the exclusion of other sterols from absorption.

IEA

BP

GO:0032008

positive regulation of TOR signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.

IDA

BP

GO:0032099

negative regulation of appetite

Any process that reduces appetite.

ISS

BP

GO:0032310

prostaglandin secretion

The regulated release of a prostaglandin, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring, from a cell or a tissue.

IDA

BP

GO:0032355

response to estradiol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.

IEA

BP

GO:0032615

interleukin-12 production

The appearance of interleukin-12 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.

IEA

BP

GO:0032760

positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.

IEA

BP

GO:0032814

regulation of natural killer cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.

IDA

BP

GO:0032817

regulation of natural killer cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.

IDA

BP

GO:0032868

response to insulin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.

IBA

BP

GO:0033197

response to vitamin E

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0033210

leptin-mediated signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of leptin to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body.

ISS

BP

GO:0033686

positive regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.

IEA

BP

GO:0035360

positive regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway.

IEA

BP

GO:0035630

bone mineralization involved in bone maturation

The deposition of hydroxyapatite, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.

IEA

BP

GO:0038108

negative regulation of appetite by leptin-mediated signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of leptin to a receptor on the surface of a cell, which reduces appetite, the desire or physical craving for food.

IBA|ISS

BP

GO:0042102

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.

IDA

BP

GO:0042269

regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.

IDA

BP

GO:0042445

hormone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.

IEA

BP

GO:0042517

positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein.

IEA

BP

GO:0042593

glucose homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0042755

eating behavior

The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue.

IEA

BP

GO:0043066

negative regulation of apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

IEA

BP

GO:0043270

positive regulation of ion transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.

IEA

BP

GO:0043410

positive regulation of MAPK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.

IDA|ISS

BP

GO:0044320

cellular response to leptin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism.

IDA

BP

GO:0045471

response to ethanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0045639

positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.

IEA

BP

GO:0045765

regulation of angiogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.

IDA

BP

GO:0045906

negative regulation of vasoconstriction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.

IEA

BP

GO:0046325

negative regulation of glucose import

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.

IDA

BP

GO:0046427

positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity.

IDA

BP

GO:0046628

positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.

IEA

BP

GO:0046850

regulation of bone remodeling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling, the processes of bone formation and resorption that combine to maintain skeletal integrity.

ISS

BP

GO:0046881

positive regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.

IEA

BP

GO:0048639

positive regulation of developmental growth

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth.

IDA

BP

GO:0050796

regulation of insulin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.

IEA

BP

GO:0050810

regulation of steroid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.

IEA

BP

GO:0050892

intestinal absorption

Any process in which nutrients are taken up from the contents of the intestine.

IDA

BP

GO:0050901

leukocyte tethering or rolling

Transient adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Carbohydrates on circulating leukocytes bind selectins on the vessel wall causing the leukocytes to slow down and roll along the inner surface of the vessel wall. During this rolling motion, transitory bonds are formed and broken between selectins and their ligands. Typically the first step in cellular extravasation (the movement of leukocytes out of the circulatory system, towards the site of tissue damage or infection).

IEA

BP

GO:0050999

regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.

IDA

BP

GO:0051726

regulation of cell cycle

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.

IDA

BP

GO:0051897

positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.

ISS

BP

GO:0060587

regulation of lipoprotein lipid oxidation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipoprotein lipid oxidation. Lipoprotein lipid oxidation is the modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of the lipid group.

IEA

BP

GO:0060612

adipose tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adipose tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adipose tissue is specialized tissue that is used to store fat.

IEA

BP

GO:0061037

negative regulation of cartilage development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.

IEA

BP

GO:0070093

negative regulation of glucagon secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.

IEA

BP

GO:0071298

cellular response to L-ascorbic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0071300

cellular response to retinoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0072604

interleukin-6 secretion

The regulated release of interleukin-6 from a cell.

IDA

BP

GO:0072606

interleukin-8 secretion

The regulated release of interleukin-8 from a cell.

IDA

BP

GO:0090335

regulation of brown fat cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.

ISS

BP

GO:0098868

bone growth

The increase in size or mass of a bone that contributes to the shaping of that bone.

ISS

BP

GO:1900015

regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.

IDA

BP

GO:1900745

positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.

IDA

BP

GO:1904651

positive regulation of fat cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process.

IEA

BP

GO:1990051

activation of protein kinase C activity

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase C.

IDA

BP

GO:2000366

positive regulation of STAT protein import into nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of STAT protein import into nucleus.

IBA

BP

GO:2000379

positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.

IEA

BP

GO:2000486

negative regulation of glutamine transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport.

IEA

BP

GO:2000491

positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.

IEA

CC

GO:0005576

extracellular region

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

TAS

CC

GO:0005615

extracellular space

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

ISS

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IEA

MF

GO:0005179

hormone activity

The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process.

IBA

MF

GO:0008083

growth factor activity

The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.

IEA

MF

GO:0051428

peptide hormone receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor for peptide hormones.

IBA