BP

GO:0000165

MAPK cascade

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.

TAS

BP

GO:0000187

activation of MAPK activity

The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK).

IDA

BP

GO:0001541

ovarian follicle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

ISS

BP

GO:0002318

myeloid progenitor cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a myeloid progenitor cell. Myeloid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the myeloid lineages.

IEA

BP

GO:0002320

lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a lymphoid progenitor cell. Lymphoid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the lymphoid lineages.

IEA

BP

GO:0002327

immature B cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an immature B cell.

ISS

BP

GO:0002371

dendritic cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a dendritic cell.

ISS

BP

GO:0002551

mast cell chemotaxis

The movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.

IDA

BP

GO:0006687

glycosphingolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosphingolipids, any compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.

IEA

BP

GO:0006954

inflammatory response

The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.

ISS

BP

GO:0007165

signal transduction

The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.

TAS

BP

GO:0007283

spermatogenesis

The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.

ISS|TAS

BP

GO:0007286

spermatid development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

IEA

BP

GO:0008284

positive regulation of cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

IEA

BP

GO:0008354

germ cell migration

The orderly movement of a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form.

IEA

BP

GO:0008360

regulation of cell shape

Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell.

ISS

BP

GO:0008542

visual learning

Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue.

IEA

BP

GO:0008584

male gonad development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

IEP

BP

GO:0010628

positive regulation of gene expression

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

IEA

BP

GO:0010863

positive regulation of phospholipase C activity

Any process that increases the rate of phospholipase C activity.

TAS

BP

GO:0014066

regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.

TAS

BP

GO:0014068

positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.

TAS

BP

GO:0018108

peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine.

IDA

BP

GO:0019221

cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IDA

BP

GO:0019827

stem cell population maintenance

The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of stem cells of a single type. This can be achieved by a number of mechanisms: stem cell asymmetric division maintains stem cell numbers; stem cell symmetric division increases them; maintenance of a stem cell niche maintains the conditions for commitment to the stem cell fate for some types of stem cell; stem cells may arise de novo from other cell types.

TAS

BP

GO:0030032

lamellipodium assembly

Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.

ISS

BP

GO:0030097

hemopoiesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.

TAS

BP

GO:0030217

T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.

ISS

BP

GO:0030218

erythrocyte differentiation

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte.

ISS

BP

GO:0030318

melanocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a melanocyte.

ISS|TAS

BP

GO:0030335

positive regulation of cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.

IEA

BP

GO:0031274

positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.

IEA

BP

GO:0031532

actin cytoskeleton reorganization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.

IDA

BP

GO:0032762

mast cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a mast cell.

IDA

BP

GO:0035019

somatic stem cell population maintenance

Any process by which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.

IEA

BP

GO:0035162

embryonic hemopoiesis

The stages of blood cell formation that take place within the embryo.

ISS

BP

GO:0035234

ectopic germ cell programmed cell death

Programmed cell death of an errant germ line cell that is outside the normal migratory path or ectopic to the gonad. This is an important mechanism of regulating germ cell survival within the embryo.

IEA

BP

GO:0035701

hematopoietic stem cell migration

The orderly movement of a hematopoietic stem cell from one site to another. A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system.

IEA

BP

GO:0035855

megakaryocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow.

ISS

BP

GO:0038093

Fc receptor signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin to an Fc receptor on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.

IDA

BP

GO:0038109

Kit signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals that starts with the binding of stem cell factor to the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT on the surface of a cell, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Stem cell factor (KIT ligand) binding to the receptor Kit mediates receptor dimerization, activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation. The activated receptor then phosphorylates various substrates, thereby activating distinct signaling cascades within the cell that trigger a change in state or activity of the cell.

IDA

BP

GO:0038162

erythropoietin-mediated signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of erythropoietin (EPO) to the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

ISS

BP

GO:0042127

regulation of cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.

TAS

BP

GO:0042511

positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat1 protein.

IMP

BP

GO:0042517

positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein.

IMP

BP

GO:0042523

positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat5 protein.

IMP

BP

GO:0043069

negative regulation of programmed cell death

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.

IEA

BP

GO:0043303

mast cell degranulation

The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.

IMP

BP

GO:0043410

positive regulation of MAPK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.

IMP

BP

GO:0043473

pigmentation

The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells.

ISS

BP

GO:0043547

positive regulation of GTPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.

IEA

BP

GO:0043552

positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.

TAS

BP

GO:0045747

positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.

IEA

BP

GO:0046427

positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity.

IMP

BP

GO:0046777

protein autophosphorylation

The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).

IDA

BP

GO:0046854

phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation

The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a phosphatidylinositol, any glycerophosphoinositol having one phosphatidyl group esterified to one of the hydroxy groups of inositol.

IEA

BP

GO:0048015

phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling

A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives.

TAS

BP

GO:0048070

regulation of developmental pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.

IEA

BP

GO:0048103

somatic stem cell division

The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.

IEA

BP

GO:0048170

positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that increases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.

IEA

BP

GO:0048565

digestive tract development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.

ISS

BP

GO:0048863

stem cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

ISS

BP

GO:0050673

epithelial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances.

IEA

BP

GO:0050910

detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound

The series of events involved in the perception of sound vibration in which the vibration is received and converted into a molecular signal.

ISS

BP

GO:0051091

positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.

IMP

BP

GO:0060326

cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).

IDA

BP

GO:0060374

mast cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.

ISS|TAS

BP

GO:0070662

mast cell proliferation

The expansion of a mast cell population by cell division.

TAS

BP

GO:0097067

cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus

A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroid hormone stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0097324

melanocyte migration

The orderly movement of melanocytes from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A melanocyte is a pigment cell derived from the neural crest. It contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which give a brown to black appearance.

ISS

BP

GO:0097326

melanocyte adhesion

The attachment of a melanocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules.

ISS

BP

GO:1905065

positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.

IDA

CC

GO:0001669

acrosomal vesicle

A structure in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases, and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. It lies just beneath the plasma membrane and is derived from the lysosome.

IEA

CC

GO:0005615

extracellular space

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

IDA

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

TAS

CC

GO:0005911

cell-cell junction

A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.

IEA

CC

GO:0009897

external side of plasma membrane

The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.

IEA

CC

GO:0009898

cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane

The leaflet the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.

IEA

CC

GO:0016021

integral component of membrane

The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

IEA

CC

GO:0042629

mast cell granule

Coarse, bluish-black staining cytoplasmic granules, bounded by a plasma membrane and found in mast cells and basophils. Contents include histamine, heparin, chondroitin sulfates, chymase and tryptase.

IEA

MF

GO:0002020

protease binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protease or peptidase.

IEA

MF

GO:0004713

protein tyrosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.

TAS

MF

GO:0004714

transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.

IDA

MF

GO:0004716

receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activity

Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.

IEA

MF

GO:0005020

stem cell factor receptor activity

Combining with stem cell factor (SCF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate. Stem cell factor is a cytokine that stimulates mast cell growth and differentiation.

IEA

MF

GO:0005088

Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ras superfamily. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.

TAS

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0005524

ATP binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.

IEA

MF

GO:0019955

cytokine binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cytokine, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity.

IDA

MF

GO:0042803

protein homodimerization activity

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.

IPI

MF

GO:0046872

metal ion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.

IEA

MF

GO:0046934

phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+).

TAS