BP

GO:0000082

G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G1 commits to S phase. The process begins with the build up of G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (G1 CDK), resulting in the activation of transcription of G1 cyclins. The process ends with the positive feedback of the G1 cyclins on the G1 CDK which commits the cell to S phase, in which DNA replication is initiated.

IEA

BP

GO:0001701

in utero embryonic development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.

IEA

BP

GO:0001708

cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.

IEA

BP

GO:0002042

cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis

The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels involved in sprouting angiogenesis.

IEA

BP

GO:0006968

cellular defense response

A defense response that is mediated by cells.

TAS

BP

GO:0007156

homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules

The attachment of a plasma membrane adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.

TAS

BP

GO:0007159

leukocyte cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of a leukocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules.

IDA

BP

GO:0007160

cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.

IMP

BP

GO:0007161

calcium-independent cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.

IGI

BP

GO:0007229

integrin-mediated signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of extracellular ligand to an integrin on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.

IMP

BP

GO:0008284

positive regulation of cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

IEA

BP

GO:0008354

germ cell migration

The orderly movement of a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form.

IEA

BP

GO:0008542

visual learning

Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue.

IEA

BP

GO:0010710

regulation of collagen catabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.

IDA

BP

GO:0016477

cell migration

The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.

TAS

BP

GO:0021943

formation of radial glial scaffolds

The formation of scaffolds from a radial glial cell. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.

IEA

BP

GO:0030183

B cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity.

IC

BP

GO:0030198

extracellular matrix organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.

TAS

BP

GO:0031589

cell-substrate adhesion

The attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.

IMP

BP

GO:0031623

receptor internalization

A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the movement of receptors from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell. The process begins when cell surface receptors are monoubiquitinated following ligand-induced activation. Receptors are subsequently taken up into endocytic vesicles from where they are either targeted to the lysosome or vacuole for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane.

ISS

BP

GO:0033627

cell adhesion mediated by integrin

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.

IDA

BP

GO:0033631

cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

The attachment of one cell to another cell via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.

IEP

BP

GO:0034113

heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of a cell to a cell of a different type via adhesion molecules.

IMP

BP

GO:0035024

negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.

IEA

BP

GO:0043065

positive regulation of apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.

IGI

BP

GO:0043547

positive regulation of GTPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.

IMP

BP

GO:0045214

sarcomere organization

The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.

IEA

BP

GO:0045596

negative regulation of cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.

IEA

BP

GO:0046718

viral entry into host cell

The process that occurs after viral attachment by which a virus, or viral nucleic acid, breaches the plasma membrane or cell envelope and enters the host cell. The process ends when the viral nucleic acid is released into the host cell cytoplasm.

IEA

BP

GO:0048333

mesodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell.

IEP

BP

GO:0048675

axon extension

Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development.

IEA

BP

GO:0048813

dendrite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0050776

regulation of immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.

TAS

BP

GO:0050900

leukocyte migration

The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.

TAS

BP

GO:0050901

leukocyte tethering or rolling

Transient adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Carbohydrates on circulating leukocytes bind selectins on the vessel wall causing the leukocytes to slow down and roll along the inner surface of the vessel wall. During this rolling motion, transitory bonds are formed and broken between selectins and their ligands. Typically the first step in cellular extravasation (the movement of leukocytes out of the circulatory system, towards the site of tissue damage or infection).

IMP

BP

GO:0051726

regulation of cell cycle

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.

IEA

BP

GO:0055007

cardiac muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.

IEA

BP

GO:0071404

cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.

ISS

BP

GO:0090004

positive regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane.

IDA

BP

GO:2000811

negative regulation of anoikis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.

IMP

CC

GO:0001726

ruffle

Projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork.

TAS

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IDA

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

IDA|NAS|TAS

CC

GO:0005913

cell-cell adherens junction

An adherens junction which connects a cell to another cell.

IDA

CC

GO:0005925

focal adhesion

Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.

IDA

CC

GO:0008305

integrin complex

A protein complex that is composed of one alpha subunit and one beta subunit, both of which are members of the integrin superfamily of cell adhesion receptors; the complex spans the plasma membrane and binds to extracellular matrix ligands, cell-surface ligands, and soluble ligands.

NAS

CC

GO:0009897

external side of plasma membrane

The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.

IEA

CC

GO:0009986

cell surface

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

IDA

CC

GO:0014704

intercalated disc

A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells.

IEA

CC

GO:0016020

membrane

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

IDA

CC

GO:0030027

lamellipodium

A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a migrating cell or extending cell process; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.

IEA

CC

GO:0030175

filopodium

Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft.

IDA

CC

GO:0031594

neuromuscular junction

The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential.

IDA

CC

GO:0032154

cleavage furrow

The cleavage furrow is a plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site. The cleavage furrow begins as a shallow groove and eventually deepens to divide the cytoplasm.

IEA

CC

GO:0032587

ruffle membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a ruffle.

IDA|NAS

CC

GO:0034665

integrin alpha1-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha1 subunit and one beta1 subunit.

IDA

CC

GO:0034666

integrin alpha2-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha2 subunit and one beta1 subunit.

IDA

CC

GO:0034667

integrin alpha3-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha3 subunit and one beta1 subunit.

IDA

CC

GO:0034677

integrin alpha7-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha7 subunit and one beta1 subunit.

IEA

CC

GO:0034678

integrin alpha8-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha8 subunit and one beta1 subunit.

TAS

CC

GO:0034680

integrin alpha10-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha10 subunit and one beta1 subunit.

IDA

CC

GO:0034681

integrin alpha11-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha11 subunit and one beta1 subunit.

IDA

CC

GO:0035748

myelin sheath abaxonal region

The region of the myelin sheath furthest from the axon.

IEA

CC

GO:0042383

sarcolemma

The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers.

IDA

CC

GO:0042470

melanosome

A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. Melanosomes are synthesized in melanocyte cells.

IEA

CC

GO:0043197

dendritic spine

A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including thin, stubby, mushroom, and branched, with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.

IEA

CC

GO:0043235

receptor complex

Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.

IDA

CC

GO:0045121

membrane raft

Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.

IDA

CC

GO:0048471

perinuclear region of cytoplasm

Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.

IEA

CC

GO:0055037

recycling endosome

An organelle consisting of a network of tubules that functions in targeting molecules, such as receptors transporters and lipids, to the plasma membrane.

IEA

CC

GO:0070062

extracellular exosome

A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

IDA

CC

GO:0071438

invadopodium membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding an invadopodium.

IDA

CC

GO:0097060

synaptic membrane

A specialized area of membrane on either the presynaptic or the postsynaptic side of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.

IEA

MF

GO:0001618

virus receptor activity

Combining with a virus component and mediating entry of the virus into the cell.

IEA

MF

GO:0001968

fibronectin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a fibronectin, a group of related adhesive glycoproteins of high molecular weight found on the surface of animal cells, connective tissue matrices, and in extracellular fluids.

IPI

MF

GO:0002020

protease binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protease or peptidase.

IPI

MF

GO:0003779

actin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.

IDA

MF

GO:0005178

integrin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an integrin.

IEA

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0015026

coreceptor activity

Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger, and in cooperation with a nearby primary receptor, initiating a change in cell activity.

TAS

MF

GO:0019960

C-X3-C chemokine binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a C-X3-C chemokine; C-X3-C chemokines have three amino acids between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif.

IDA

MF

GO:0032403

protein complex binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0043236

laminin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with laminins, glycoproteins that are major constituents of the basement membrane of cells.

IEA

MF

GO:0046872

metal ion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.

IEA

MF

GO:0046982

protein heterodimerization activity

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.

IDA|NAS

MF

GO:0050839

cell adhesion molecule binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cell adhesion molecule.

IPI

MF

GO:0098639

collagen binding involved in cell-matrix adhesion

Any collagen binding that occurs as part of cell-matrix adhesion.

IMP

MF

GO:0098641

cadherin binding involved in cell-cell adhesion

Any cadherin binding that occurs as part of the process of cell-cell adhesion.

IDA