BP

GO:0001501

skeletal system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton).

TAS

BP

GO:0001503

ossification

The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.

IEA

BP

GO:0001934

positive regulation of protein phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.

ISS

BP

GO:0002576

platelet degranulation

The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet.

TAS

BP

GO:0006006

glucose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

IEA

BP

GO:0006349

regulation of gene expression by genetic imprinting

Heritable alterations in the activity of a gene that depend on whether it passed through the paternal or the maternal germline, but that are not encoded by DNA itself.

TAS

BP

GO:0006355

regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.

NAS

BP

GO:0007275

multicellular organism development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).

TAS

BP

GO:0008284

positive regulation of cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.

IC

BP

GO:0008286

insulin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.

TAS

BP

GO:0038028

insulin receptor signaling pathway via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the signal is passed on via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.

ISS

BP

GO:0042104

positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation.

IDA

BP

GO:0043085

positive regulation of catalytic activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.

ISS

BP

GO:0043410

positive regulation of MAPK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.

IDA

BP

GO:0044267

cellular protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes cellular protein modification.

TAS

BP

GO:0045725

positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.

ISS

BP

GO:0045840

positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.

IDA

BP

GO:0046628

positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.

IDA

BP

GO:0050731

positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.

ISS

BP

GO:0051781

positive regulation of cell division

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.

IEA

BP

GO:0051897

positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.

IDA

BP

GO:0071902

positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.

IEA

BP

GO:2000273

positive regulation of receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor activity.

IEA

BP

GO:2000467

positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.

ISS

CC

GO:0005576

extracellular region

The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.

TAS

CC

GO:0005615

extracellular space

That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

IEA

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

TAS

CC

GO:0031093

platelet alpha granule lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule.

TAS

CC

GO:0070062

extracellular exosome

A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

IDA

MF

GO:0005158

insulin receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin receptor.

IPI

MF

GO:0005159

insulin-like growth factor receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin-like growth factor receptor.

IMP

MF

GO:0005179

hormone activity

The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process.

IEA

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0008083

growth factor activity

The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.

IDA

MF

GO:0030546

receptor activator activity

The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.

ISS

MF

GO:0043539

protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase.

ISS