BP

GO:0006097

glyoxylate cycle

A modification of the TCA cycle occurring in some plants and microorganisms, in which isocitrate is cleaved to glyoxylate and succinate. Glyoxylate can then react with acetyl-CoA to form malate.

IEA

BP

GO:0006099

tricarboxylic acid cycle

A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle.

IEA

BP

GO:0006102

isocitrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isocitrate, the anion of isocitric acid, 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid. Isocitrate is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glycoxylate cycle.

IDA

BP

GO:0006103

2-oxoglutarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxoglutarate, the dianion of 2-oxoglutaric acid. It is a key constituent of the TCA cycle and a key intermediate in amino-acid metabolism.

IDA|TAS

BP

GO:0006740

NADPH regeneration

A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADPH by the reduction of NADP+.

TAS

BP

GO:0006749

glutathione metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle.

IEA

BP

GO:0006979

response to oxidative stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.

IEA

BP

GO:0008585

female gonad development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.

IEA

BP

GO:0048545

response to steroid hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.

IEA

BP

GO:0060696

regulation of phospholipid catabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of phospholipid catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.

IEA

BP

GO:0071071

regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.

IEA

BP

GO:0098609

cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.

IEA

CC

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.

IDA

CC

GO:0005739

mitochondrion

A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.

IEA

CC

GO:0005777

peroxisome

A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism.

IDA

CC

GO:0005782

peroxisomal matrix

The volume contained within the membranes of a peroxisome; in many cells the matrix contains a crystalloid core largely composed of urate oxidase.

TAS

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

IDA|TAS

CC

GO:0005913

cell-cell adherens junction

An adherens junction which connects a cell to another cell.

IDA

CC

GO:0070062

extracellular exosome

A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

IDA

MF

GO:0000287

magnesium ion binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with magnesium (Mg) ions.

IDA

MF

GO:0004450

isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+.

EXP|IDA

MF

GO:0005102

receptor binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.

IPI

MF

GO:0042803

protein homodimerization activity

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.

IPI

MF

GO:0050661

NADP binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NADP+, or the reduced form, NADPH.

IEA

MF

GO:0051287

NAD binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD+, or the reduced form, NADH.

IEA

MF

GO:0051990

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.

EXP

MF

GO:0098641

cadherin binding involved in cell-cell adhesion

Any cadherin binding that occurs as part of the process of cell-cell adhesion.

IDA