BP

GO:0000398

mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

The joining together of exons from one or more primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the excision of intron sequences, via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.

IC|IMP|TAS

BP

GO:0001649

osteoblast differentiation

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone.

IDA

BP

GO:0008380

RNA splicing

The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.

TAS

BP

GO:0010467

gene expression

The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.

TAS

BP

GO:0016925

protein sumoylation

The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.

TAS

BP

GO:0032211

negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.

IMP

BP

GO:0043044

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling

Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin that require energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, ranging from local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation, mediated by ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling factors.

IDA

BP

GO:0070935

3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization

An mRNA stabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA.

IMP

CC

GO:0000790

nuclear chromatin

The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus.

IDA

CC

GO:0005634

nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

IDA

CC

GO:0005654

nucleoplasm

That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.

IDA|TAS

CC

GO:0005681

spliceosomal complex

Any of a series of ribonucleoprotein complexes that contain snRNA(s) and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), and are formed sequentially during the spliceosomal splicing of one or more substrate RNAs, and which also contain the RNA substrate(s) from the initial target RNAs of splicing, the splicing intermediate RNA(s), to the final RNA products. During cis-splicing, the initial target RNA is a single, contiguous RNA transcript, whether mRNA, snoRNA, etc., and the released products are a spliced RNA and an excised intron, generally as a lariat structure. During trans-splicing, there are two initial substrate RNAs, the spliced leader RNA and a pre-mRNA.

IDA

CC

GO:0005697

telomerase holoenzyme complex

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, with a minimal catalytic core composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition. In vivo, the holoenzyme complex often contains additional subunits.

IDA

CC

GO:0005829

cytosol

The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.

IDA

CC

GO:0016020

membrane

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

IDA

CC

GO:0043234

protein complex

A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.

IDA

CC

GO:0070062

extracellular exosome

A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

IDA

CC

GO:0071013

catalytic step 2 spliceosome

A spliceosomal complex that contains three snRNPs, including U5, bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.

IDA

MF

GO:0000166

nucleotide binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.

IEA

MF

GO:0000978

RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II.

IDA

MF

GO:0000980

RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a RNA polymerase II (Pol II) distal enhancer. In mammalian cells, enhancers are distal sequences that increase the utilization of some promoters, and can function in either orientation and in any location (upstream or downstream) relative to the core promoter.

IDA

MF

GO:0003723

RNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.

NAS

MF

GO:0003730

mRNA 3'-UTR binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the 3' untranslated region of an mRNA molecule.

IDA

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0008266

poly(U) RNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of uracil residues in an RNA molecule.

IDA

MF

GO:0031492

nucleosomal DNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the DNA portion of a nucleosome.

IDA

MF

GO:0042802

identical protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.

IPI

MF

GO:0044822

poly(A) RNA binding

Interacting non-covalently with a poly(A) RNA, a RNA molecule which has a tail of adenine bases.

IDA

MF

GO:0070034

telomerase RNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the telomerase RNA template.

IPI

MF

GO:1990247

N6-methyladenosine-containing RNA binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA molecule modified by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a modification present at internal sites of mRNAs and some non-coding RNAs.

IDA