BP

GO:0007165

signal transduction

The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.

NAS

BP

GO:0019886

antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.

TAS

BP

GO:0031295

T cell costimulation

The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment T cell activation.

TAS

BP

GO:0050852

T cell receptor signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.

TAS

BP

GO:0060333

interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway

A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interferon-gamma to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.

TAS

CC

GO:0000139

Golgi membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.

TAS

CC

GO:0005765

lysosomal membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm.

IDA|TAS

CC

GO:0005886

plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

TAS

CC

GO:0005887

integral component of plasma membrane

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

NAS

CC

GO:0012507

ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.

TAS

CC

GO:0016020

membrane

A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

IDA

CC

GO:0030658

transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle.

TAS

CC

GO:0030666

endocytic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle.

TAS

CC

GO:0030669

clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle.

TAS

CC

GO:0031902

late endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a late endosome.

IDA

CC

GO:0032588

trans-Golgi network membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the trans-Golgi network.

TAS

CC

GO:0042613

MHC class II protein complex

A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC class II alpha and MHC class II beta chain, and with or without a bound peptide or polysaccharide antigen.

ISS

CC

GO:0071556

integral component of lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products that penetrate only the lumenal side of the membrane.

TAS

MF

GO:0032395

MHC class II receptor activity

Combining with an MHC class II protein complex and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.

NAS

MF

GO:0042605

peptide antigen binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an antigen peptide.

ISS