BP

GO:0002474

antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.

TAS

BP

GO:0006457

protein folding

The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.

TAS

BP

GO:0006508

proteolysis

The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds.

IEA

BP

GO:0006606

protein import into nucleus

The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.

TAS

BP

GO:0006621

protein retention in ER lumen

The retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of soluble resident proteins. Sorting receptors retrieve proteins with ER localization signals, such as KDEL and HDEL sequences or some transmembrane domains, that have escaped to the cis-Golgi network and return them to the ER. Abnormally folded proteins and unassembled subunits are also selectively retained in the ER.

TAS

BP

GO:0007165

signal transduction

The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.

TAS

BP

GO:0034975

protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum

A protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation).

TAS

BP

GO:0034976

response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stress acting at the endoplasmic reticulum. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.

IBA

BP

GO:0045454

cell redox homeostasis

Any process that maintains the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell.

IEA

BP

GO:0055114

oxidation-reduction process

A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons.

IEA

BP

GO:2001238

positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.

IEA

CC

GO:0005634

nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

IDA

CC

GO:0005783

endoplasmic reticulum

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).

IDA|TAS

CC

GO:0005788

endoplasmic reticulum lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.

TAS

CC

GO:0005925

focal adhesion

Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.

IDA

CC

GO:0009986

cell surface

The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.

IDA

CC

GO:0042470

melanosome

A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. Melanosomes are synthesized in melanocyte cells.

IEA

CC

GO:0043209

myelin sheath

An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.

IEA

CC

GO:0070062

extracellular exosome

A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.

IDA

MF

GO:0003756

protein disulfide isomerase activity

Catalysis of the rearrangement of both intrachain and interchain disulfide bonds in proteins.

IEA

MF

GO:0004197

cysteine-type endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.

TAS

MF

GO:0004629

phospholipase C activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phospholipid + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + a phosphatidate.

TAS

MF

GO:0005515

protein binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).

IPI

MF

GO:0015036

disulfide oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: substrate with reduced sulfide groups = substrate with oxidized disulfide bonds.

TAS

MF

GO:0044822

poly(A) RNA binding

Interacting non-covalently with a poly(A) RNA, a RNA molecule which has a tail of adenine bases.

IDA